Exposure to Pollutants and Vaccines' Effectiveness: A Systematic Review.

Many human activities release harmful substances, contaminating the air, water, and soil. Since exposure to environmental pollutants is currently unavoidable, it is important to verify how these compounds may influence individual immune responses to vaccines. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement.

The Health and Economic Benefits of United States Investments in Measles and Rubella Control and Elimination.

Prior to measles vaccine introduction in 1963, measles virus caused hundreds of thousands of annual reported cases, which led to substantial US morbidity, mortality, and costs. Similarly, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) led to highly visible and tragic lifelong disability for thousands of Americans, before rubella vaccine introduction in 1969. The US certified national virus transmission elimination of indigenous measles in 2000 and rubella in 2004.

Postpartum Measles, Varicella, and Rubella Vaccination Rates in Serologically Non-Immune Mothers with Public Insurance at an Urban Tertiary Care Center.

The postpartum period provides an opportunity to improve maternal and infant health, including identifying risks and completing immunization series. Research on completion of varicella and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine series among postpartum mothers is limited. This study examined data from mothers with public health insurance who received prenatal and postpartum care at the Mount Sinai Health System between January 1, 2021, and June 27, 2022.

Small-area variation in child under-vaccination in India: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from 36 states and Union Territories, 707 districts, and 22,349 small-area clusters.

Background: India has made exceptional advances in child immunisation, but subnational inequities in vaccination coverage impede attainment of key programmatic goals. Our study provides an up-to-date national portrait of local variations in child vaccination using a comprehensive set of indicators relevant to routine immunisation.

Methods: Indicators representing unvaccinated (zero-dose) children, incomplete basic immunisation, and vulnerability to measles and polio, were constructed from India's 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey.

Substantial Improvement in a Patient with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: An Unusual Case Report.

Background: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal disorder marked by gradual cognitive and motor deterioration, leading to death typically within 1-3 years.

Case Report: A 20-year-old woman with progressive abnormal behaviour, forgetfulness, and involuntary movements showed significant improvement after treatment with interferon and isoprinosine. Initially severely cognitively impaired and dependent, she regained independence and demonstrated marked cognitive enhancement, her MMSE improved from 15 to 28 and reduced myoclonus.

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design.

Objectives: We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection among a statewide cohort of people with HIV (PWH) and compared the estimates with a matched cohort of people without HIV (PWoH) in South Carolina (SC), USA.

Methods: A population-based cohort was retrieved from statewide electronic health records between January 2, 2021, and April 14, 2022, during which several variants were circulating in SC (i.e.

Myths and misinformation associated with vaccine incompleteness: A survey study.

Objective: Vaccine hesitancy is a relevant driver of backslides in immunization rates globally. Myths and misinformation are key contributors to vaccine hesitancy. We aimed to investigate associations between beliefs in popular vaccine myths and vaccine incompleteness.

[Dengue, rabies and measles in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era].

After the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have gradually been focused on medical care, epidemiological surveillance, and preventive health programs. An example of this is the identification during 2023 by the Epidemiological Surveillance System [of Mexico] of the increase in dengue cases and the presence of serotype 3, as well as cases of measles (imported and related to importation) and, at the same time, cases of human rabies with transmission from pet animals. Mexico's health system has been characterized by achievements in vaccine-preventable pathologies, as well as the robust epidemiological surveillance system for febrile exanthematous illness and vector-transmitted diseases.

Surveillance and agnostic capture sequencing of samples from individuals with rash-associated illness in Mali indicates regional transmission of measles virus from West and Central Africa.

Measles is vaccine-preventable extremely contagious disease caused by the measles virus. High vaccination coverage is needed to prevent outbreaks of disease. Although molecular surveillance of measles is critical to characterize outbreaks and track viral evolution, few whole-genome sequences of measles virus from West Africa are available despite continual outbreaks in the region.

Mapping priority areas for measles surveillance: stratifying reintroduction and transmission risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: To stratify areas at risk of measles transmission in the state of Rio de Janeiro, using the risk assessment tool developed by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with adaptations to the regional context.

Methods: This ecological study used municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state as the units of analysis. The overall risk of measles transmission was evaluated based on the scores of indicators grouped into four categories: vaccination, threat assessment, quality of health care services, and living conditions.

Never waste a measles outbreak.

This editorial focuses on the instructive value of carefully investigated measles outbreaks with reference to the outbreak report, also published today in CDI (doi: /10.33321/cdi.2024.

Measles secondary vaccine failure in a childcare setting: an outbreak report.

The Sunshine Coast Public Health Unit (SCPHU) identified a measles case in a childcare educator (CE) with secondary vaccine failure (SVF). The CE had been exposed to a confirmed measles case in a hospital emergency department and later developed symptoms including fever, cough, malaise, and a rash. Diagnostic tests confirmed measles virus infection.

Measles surveillance data analysis and serological survey in Quzhou, China, 2014-2024: an assessment of progress toward measles elimination.

Background: Measles is a disease that can be eliminated through vaccination. In recent years, measles incidence and mortality have been greatly reduced.

Methods: Analyze measles surveillance data from 2014 to 2023 and measles seroepidemiological characteristics of healthy populations in 2024 to assess progress toward measles elimination.

Analysis of Measles and Rubella Immunoglobulin G Titers in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: The objective of this study is to compare the measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) and rubella IgG levels in patient groups with mild and severe COVID-19 disease and reveal the possible relationship.

Methods: This study was conducted among COVID-19-confirmed patients over 18, under 65 years of age. This study involved 75 participants- divided into two groups.

"Canary in the Coal Mine": Hope and Emergency in the Management of Measles.

Exploring the relationship between governmental infectious disease management and emergency systems, I examine the turn to emergency in European measles management during the resurgence of the disease between 2017 and 2020. While measles management was shaped by hope for disease eradication and as a progressive pursuit of elimination, amid growing concerns with vaccination coverage, hope was redirected toward reversing regression in the struggle against infectious disease. I argue that perception of and action on public health issues as emergencies is intricately tied to change in the fundamental construct of governmental infectious disease management, regardless of change in the disease or its categorization.

Barriers to child vaccination: The role of international sanctions.

International sanctions are often imposed with the aim of influencing the political behavior of target states, but they may have unintended consequences on public health. This study empirically examines the impact of international sanctions on child immunization rates in developing countries. Utilizing panel data from 76 developing countries between 2000 and 2019, the analysis explores how different types of sanctions, including those from the US, EU, and UN, as well as economic and unilateral sanctions, affect the immunization rates for DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles vaccines.

Evaluating parental knowledge and attitudes toward childhood hearing loss: a cross-sectional study in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Background: Childhood hearing loss poses a significant public health challenge in Pakistan, with prevalence rates over double the global average. Parental knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in timely detection and intervention. However, limited research explores this issue within the Pakistani context.