Developing an EEG-based model to predict awakening after cardiac arrest using partial processing with the BIS Engine.

Introduction: Accurate prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest is a challenging and high-stakes endeavor. We sought to determine whether internal EEG subparameters extracted by the Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor, a device commonly used to estimate depth-of-anesthesia intraoperatively, could be repurposed to predict recovery of consciousness after cardiac arrest.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we trained a 3-layer neural network to predict recovery of consciousness to the point of command following versus not based on 48 hours of continuous EEG recordings in 315 comatose patients admitted to a single US academic medical center after cardiac arrest (Derivation cohort: N=181; Validation cohort: N=134).

Protein alterations in patients with delirium after cardiac surgery: An exploratory case-control sub-study of the VISION Cardiac Surgery Biobank.

Background: Delirium is an acute state of confusion associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Delirium is diagnosed clinically using screening tools; most cases go undetected. Identifying a delirium biomarker would allow for accurate diagnosis, application of therapies, and insight into causal pathways.

Simple method for the direct measurement of cohesive forces between microscopic particles.

We present a simple and inexpensive method for measuring weak cohesive interactions. This technique is applied to the specific case of oil droplets with a depletion interaction, dispersed in an aqueous solution. The experimental setup involves creating a short string of droplets while immobilizing a single droplet.

Guidelines for Accurate and Precise Stable Isotope Analysis of Calcite, Dolomite, and Magnesite Using a Carbonate Device for Continuous Flow-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CF-IRMS).

Rationale: Carbonate minerals are one of the most popular samples for an automated sample preparation system for CF-IRMS, such as GasBench II and iso FLOW, but no standardized analytical protocols exist. This study gives guidelines on optimal analytic conditions for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Ca-Mg carbonates when using the carbonate-phosphoric acid reaction method.

Methods: Calcite (CaCO-McMaster Carrara), dolomite (CaMg(CO)-MRSI Dolomite), and magnesite (MgCO-ROM Brazil Magnesite) with two grain size fractions (< 74 and 149-250 μm) were reacted with 103% (specific gravity of 1.

Resistance-Associated Substitution Testing Trends and Impact on HCV Treatment Outcomes in Canada: A CanHepC-CANUHC Analysis.

Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are mutations within the hepatitis C (HCV) genome that may influence the likelihood of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) with direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Clinicians conduct RAS testing to adapt treatment regimens with the intent of improving the likelihood of cure. The Canadian Network Undertaking against Hepatitis C (CANUHC) prospective cohort consists of chronic HCV patients enrolled between 2015 and 2023 across 17 Canadian sites.

A review of the empirical evidence for costs of plasticity in ectothermic animals.

Phenotypic plasticity can represent a vital adaptive response to environmental stressors, including those associated with climate change. Despite its evolutionary advantages, the expression of plasticity varies significantly within and among species, and is likely to be influenced by local environmental conditions. This variability in plasticity has important implications for evolutionary biology and conservation physiology.

Combination Antithrombotic Therapy for Reduction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background: Stroke secondary to intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is associated with high recurrence risk despite currently available secondary prevention strategies. In patients with systemic atherosclerosis, a significant reduction of stroke risk with no increase in intracranial or fatal hemorrhage was seen when rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily was added to aspirin.

Legal Recreational Cannabis Sales and Opioid-Related Mortality in the 5 Years Following Cannabis Legalization in Canada: A Granger Causality Analysis.

Objective: Little is known about the population-level impact of recreational cannabis legalization on trends in opioid-related mortality. Increased access to cannabis due to legalization has been hypothesized to reduce opioid-related deaths because of the potential opioid-sparing effects of cannabis. The objective of this study was to examine the relations between national retail sales of recreational (non-medical) cannabis and opioid overdose deaths in the 5 years following legalization in Canada.

Dried Cannabis Use, Tobacco Smoking, and COVID-19 Infection: Findings from a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study.

Objective: The potential impact of cigarette and cannabis smoking on COVID-19 infection outcomes is not well understood. We investigated the association between combustible tobacco use and dried cannabis use with COVID-19 infection in a longitudinal cohort of community adults.

Method: The sample comprised 1,343 participants, originally enrolled in 2018, who reported their cigarette and cannabis use in 11 assessments over 44 months, until 2022.

Predictors of Response to Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Review of Real-Time Observational Data.

Objective: People living with chronic pain increasingly use medical cannabis for symptom relief. We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining cannabis for chronic pain relief using anonymous archival data obtained from the medicinal cannabis tracking app, Strainprint®.

Method: We acquired cannabis utilization data from 741 adults with chronic pain and used multilevel modeling to examine the association of age, sex, type of pain (muscle, joint or nerve pain), cannabis formulation (high CBD, balanced CBD:THC, or high THC), route of administration (inhaled or ingested), cannabis use before vs.

Potential Risks from Cannabis-Infused Beverages: A Critical Review.

Unlabelled: Although Canada legalized cannabis beverages in 2019, most available research on acute cannabis intoxication derives from dried flower and edible products. The distinct bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of phytocannabinoids ingested from beverages, however, contribute to significantly different acute and long-term effects that need to be better understood to ensure consumer safety.

Objective: This review investigates existing cannabis beverage literature, with a particular focus on acute intoxication effects.

Cutaneous pseudolymphoma successfully treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide: A case report.

Cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a group of skin conditions that simulate lymphoma either clinically and/or histologically. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma is a benign disorder that can often be misdiagnosed and has a wide range of treatment modalities. Currently, there is no gold standard of treatment, and the literature would benefit from more reports on successful and unsuccessful treatments of cutaneous pseudolymphoma.

A Behavioral Analysis of Factors That Influence Antibiotic Prescribing in Hospitals: A Metasynthesis of Reviews.

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat driven, in part, by antibiotic overprescription. Behavior change theories are increasingly used to try to modify prescriber behavior. A metasynthesis of 8 reviews was conducted to identify factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for adults in hospital settings and to analyze these factors using 4 behavior change frameworks.

The effect of environmental factors on transepithelial potential in a model Amazonian teleost, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): Implications for sodium balance in harsh environments.

The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, G. Cuvier 1818) thrives both in the ion-poor waters of the Amazon and in commercial aquaculture. In both, environmental conditions can be harsh due to low ion levels, occasional high salt challenges (in aquaculture), low pH, extreme PO levels (hypoxia and hyperoxia), high PCO levels (hypercapnia), high ammonia levels (in aquaculture), and high and low temperatures.

The impact of an interactive online informational and peer support application (app) for patients with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) on quality of life: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) describes bowel dysfunction post-restorative proctectomy (RP) and is associated with poor quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an interactive online informational and peer support App on participants' QoL (primary outcome), LARS, and emotional distress (secondary outcomes).

Methods: A multicentre, randomized, parallel-group trial was conducted across five Canadian colorectal surgery practices.

Hypoparathyroidism: Similarities and differences between Western and Eastern countries.

Backgroud: Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is characterized by acute and chronic complications due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) production or action. Several management guidelines have been developed, but mostly based on evidence from Western countries. Data from Eastern countries have not been systematically compared with those from Western countries.

Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16-24 in Kampala, Uganda.

The continually evolving landscape of novel therapies in oncogene-driven advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that is frequently associated with a host of known oncogenic alterations. Advances in molecular diagnostics and drug development have facilitated the targeting of novel alterations such that the majority of NSCLC patients have driver mutations that are now clinically actionable. The goal of this review is to gain insights into clinical research and development principles by summary, analysis, and discussion of data on agents targeting known alterations in oncogene-driven, advanced NSCLC beyond those in the and the .

"Missing Mobility": Perspectives of North American Firefighters on the Risks and Causes of Work-Related Shoulder Disorders: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Firefighters are routinely exposed to significant work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) which can sometimes be career-ending due to the workplace stressors and the physical demands of the job. Shoulder disorders are the third most frequent WRMSDs that cause pain, disability, and morbidity in the general working population. However, little is known about the task-specific causes and risk factors for work-related shoulder disorders (WSDs) among firefighters (FFs).

Timing of Delivery of Low-Risk Persons and the Risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: Sweden and British Columbia, Canada.

Background: An evidence gap exists concerning the timing of delivery at 37-42 weeks and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring.

Objective: To determine the association between timing of delivery in low-risk pregnancies at term (37-42 weeks) gestations and ADHD in offspring.

Methods: This population-based cohort study comprised 1,424,453 singletons in Sweden and 403,765 in British Columbia (BC), Canada, live-born at 37-42 completed weeks to low-risk pregnant women between 2000 and 2018.

Measurement properties of the sit-to-stand test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using the COSMIN guidelines.

Introduction: Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can include shortness of breath, chronic cough, sputum production and reduced exercise capacity. The sit-to-stand (STS) test variations (e.g.

Hospital and physician-based mental healthcare during 12 months of opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder: Exploring costs and factors associated with acute care.

Background: Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) have a high prevalence of co-occurring mental health disorders; however, there exists little information on mental health service use for this population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of non-substance use-related mental health emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and outpatient physician visits for individuals receiving treatment for OUD over one year. We also explored individual-level characteristics associated with mental health care service use and estimated the costs of this care.

Creativity research in medicine and nursing: A scoping review.

Background: Creativity fuels societal progress and innovation, particularly in the field of medicine. The scientific study of creativity in medicine is critical to understanding how creativity contributes to medical practice, processes, and outcomes. An appraisal of the current scientific literature on the topic, and its gaps, will expand our understanding of how creativity and medicine interact, and guide future research.

Dual harm among patients in the Ontario forensic mental health system.

Background: Dual harm involves the unfortunate experience of harm to self and others/objects. Safeguarding individuals in forensic psychiatric settings against all forms of harm to self and others is sacrosanct. While understanding dual harm is crucial in the care and rehabilitation of patients in forensic psychiatric settings, only a few studies have explored this phenomenon.