Prehospital Clinical Decision-Making for Medication Administration for Behavioral Emergencies.

Introduction: Prehospital behavioral emergency protocols provide guidance on when a medication may be necessary for prehospital behavioral emergency. However, the final decision of which medication to administer to a patient is made independently by paramedics. The authors evaluated circumstances in a prehospital behavioral emergency when paramedics considered chemical restraints, and factors that go into choosing which medications to administer.

Rural surgeons would embrace surgical telementoring for help with difficult cases and acquisition of new skills.

Background: Surgical telementoring, consisting of an expert surgeon guiding a less experienced surgeon through advanced or novel cases from a remote location, is an evolving technology which has potential to become an integral part of surgical practice. This study sought to apprise the attitudes of rural general surgeons toward the possible benefits and applications of surgical telementoring in their practices.

Methods: A survey assessing demographics and attitudes toward telementoring was e-mailed to members of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Advisory Council for Rural Surgery and posted to the ACS website in areas targeting rural surgeons.

Association of Hospital Critical Access Status With Surgical Outcomes and Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Importance: Critical access hospitals are a predominant source of care for many rural populations. Previous reports suggest these centers provide lower quality of care for common medical admissions. Little is known about the outcomes and costs of patients admitted for surgical procedures.

Variation in Practice of the Diagnostic Workup of Asymptomatic Patients Diagnosed with Invasive Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer is frequently diagnosed, yet variation remains in terms of practice patterns in presurgical workup. We sought to determine factors associated with this variation.

Methods: An anonymous web-based survey was distributed to surgeons regarding their practices.

Maternal and child health nurses: a vital link to the community for primiparae over the age of 35.

Australia, like other developed countries, is exhibiting a trend towards later childbearing and this trend has been particularly evident in the last three decades. Social trends of declining birth rates and small nuclear families mean that the contemporary adult has far less exposure to children than adults of former generations. Increasing female trends of employment and participation in higher education have also contributed to a postponement of childbearing, and more women than ever before are having a first baby over the age of 35 years.

Grafts and implants in nasal and chin augmentation. A rational approach to material selection.

Two major factors are involved in choosing augmentation materials: (1) the specific properties and limitations of the materials themselves (Table 2) and (2) the characteristics of the site for implantation. A wide variety of materials are currently available and these vary in density, ability to be sculpted, tissue reaction, resorption, migration, incidence of infection, extrusion rate, and ease of removal. Some of these characteristics are self-evident.