Global Disparities in Outcomes of Pregnant Individuals With Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Scoping Review.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains as 1 of the major contributors to indirect pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity worldwide and disproportionately affects marginalized populations.

Objectives: In this scoping review, the authors sought to explore the socioeconomic, cultural, and health care access-related causes of global disparities in outcomes of pregnancy among individuals with RHD.

Methods: We performed a literature search of all studies published between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2022, that investigated causes for disparate outcomes in pregnant individuals with RHD.

Parental use of routines, setting limits, and child screen use during COVID-19: findings from a large Canadian cohort study.

Background: An increase in child screen time has been observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Home environment and parenting practices have been associated with child screen time. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between parental use of routines, limit setting, and child screen time during the (COVID-19) pandemic to inform harm-reducing strategies to limit the potential harms ensued by excessive screen use.

Understanding the Current Practice in Chest Tube Management Following Lung Resection-A Canadian National Survey.

Aim: Timing of chest tube removal post lung resection is variable in practice and often based on personal experience rather than evidence. The current practice in chest tube management among thoracic surgeons across Canada is so far unknown. Our primary aim was to assess the current status of chest tube removal in Canada in order to uncover potential shortcomings.

Reducing medical cannabis use risk among Veterans: A descriptive study.

Background: Canadian Veterans experiencing chronic pain report concerns about accessing accurate information on the risks associated with medical cannabis (MC) use. The Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) were developed to equip individuals who use cannabis recreationally with safer-use strategies. Many of the harm reduction recommendations for recreational cannabis use are relevant and important considerations for MC use.

A Systematic Review of Evaluated Labor Market Initiatives Addressing Precarious Employment: Findings and Public Health Implications.

Precarious employment (PE) is a major determinant of population health and contributor to health and social inequities. The purpose of this article is to synthesize and critically appraise available evidence on labor market initiatives addressing PE identified through a systematic review. Of the 21 initiatives reviewed, grouped into four categories-labor market policies, legislation, and reforms; union strategies; apprenticeships and other youth programs; social protection programs-10 showed consistently positive outcomes and 11 a combination of negative, mixed, or inconclusive outcomes.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Effect of Characteristic Inflammatory and Structural Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions on Expert Assessment of Axial Juvenile Spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on axial disease assessment in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with JSpA with suspected axial disease. Three experts reviewed each case and rated their confidence (-3 to +3) in the presence of axial disease, first with clinical data and second with clinical and MRI data.

Predictors and Outcomes of Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.

Context: Extubation failure (EF) is common in preterm neonates and may be associated with adverse outcomes.

Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing literature on predictors and outcomes of EF in preterm neonates.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) from 1995 onward.

A population of c-kit IL-17A ILC2s in sputum from individuals with severe asthma supports ILC2 to ILC3 trans-differentiation.

In prednisone-dependent severe asthma, uncontrolled sputum eosinophilia is associated with increased numbers of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). These cells represent a relatively steroid-insensitive source of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and are considered critical drivers of asthma pathology. The abundance of ILC subgroups in severe asthma with neutrophilic or mixed granulocytic (both eosinophilic and neutrophilic) airway inflammation, prone to recurrent infective exacerbations, remains unclear.

The co-occurrence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of multiple conditions (multimorbidity) and multiple medications (polypharmacy) across many populations. Previous literature has focused on the prevalence and impact of these health states separately, but there is a need to better understand their co-occurrence.

Methods And Findings: This study reported on multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in two national datasets: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Safety and Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in General Surgery.

Importance: Perioperative bleeding is common in general surgery. The POISE-3 (Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation-3) trial demonstrated efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) compared with placebo in preventing major bleeding without increasing vascular outcomes in noncardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of prophylactic TXA, specifically in general surgery.

Serum metabolome indicators of early childhood development in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019).

The role of circulating metabolites on child development is understudied. We investigated associations between children's serum metabolome and early childhood development (ECD). Untargeted metabolomics was performed on serum samples of 5,004 children aged 6-59 months, a subset of participants from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019).

Mid-term Outcomes of Patella Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Clinical, Functional, and Radiographic Insights.

Aim The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the mid-term implant survivability, rate of revisions, and clinical and functional outcomes following patella resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing posterior stabilized (PS) total knee system (TKS). Methods A prospective, single-arm, multi-center, post-marketing surveillance encompassed patients with end-stage primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) or inflammatory arthritis. The time points of the study included baseline, six weeks, six months, one year, and three years post-operatively.

From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, a condition known as sarcopenia. Muscle disuse attributed to decreased physical activity, hospitalization, or illness (e.g.

Neonatal Encephalopathy: Novel Phenotypes and Genotypes Identified by Genome Sequencing.

Background And Objectives: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is characterized by an abnormal level of consciousness with or without seizures in the neonatal period. It affects 1-6/1,000 live term newborns. We applied genome sequencing (GS) in term newborns with NE to investigate the underlying genetic causes.

Achieving Language Justice in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology: A Multinational Perspective for Language-Concordant Equitable Patient- and Family-Centered Care and Research Inclusion.

Language-discordant healthcare encounters-when the patient/caregiver and clinician are not able to communicate directly in the patient's/caregiver's preferred language-are associated with worse quality of care, increased adverse events, and research exclusion. Here, we describe the current state of language justice in clinical practice and research in the United States, Canada, and Spain, discuss the role of social determinants of health and language, in patient safety and health outcomes and review an example of culturally and linguistically concordant interventions to increase research participation. We close with practical and global strategies to increase multilingual research participation and to provide equitable patient- and family-centered care in pediatric hematology-oncology.

Neural Dynamics of the Processing of Speech Features: Evidence for a Progression of Features from Acoustic to Sentential Processing.

When we listen to speech, our brain's neurophysiological responses "track" its acoustic features, but it is less well understood how these auditory responses are enhanced by linguistic content. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses while subjects of both sexes listened to four types of continuous-speech-like passages: speech-envelope modulated noise, English-like non-words, scrambled words, and a narrative passage. Temporal response function (TRF) analysis provides strong neural evidence for the emergent features of speech processing in cortex, from acoustics to higher-level linguistics, as incremental steps in neural speech processing.

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in four districts of central Ethiopia: Prevalence and risk factors.

From February 2022 to April 2023, a cross-sectional study on dog gastrointestinal parasites was conducted in Bishoftu, Dukem, Addis Ababa, and Sheno, Central Ethiopia, with the aim of estimating the prevalence and evaluating risk factors. A total of 701 faecal samples were collected and processed using floatation and McMaster techniques. In dogs that were investigated, the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 53.

A Phase 3, 28-week, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (OA-10) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single injection of lorecivivint in the target knee joint of moderately to severely symptomatic osteoarthritis patients.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of an intra-articular (IA) CLK/DYRK inhibitor, lorecivivint (LOR), for the treatment of moderate to severe symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: This was a Phase 3, 28-week, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a single IA injection of LOR. Patients with ACR-defined knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades 2-3, and pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ≥4 and ≤8 in the target knee were randomised (1:1) to receive LOR 0.