A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain.

The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties. Here we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas for the whole adult mouse brain. The cell-type atlas was created by combining a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of around 7 million cells profiled (approximately 4.

National study of NAFLD management identifies variation in delivery of care in the UK between 2019 to 2022.

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with liver and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently published NAFLD Quality Standards include 11 key performance indicators (KPIs) of good clinical care. This national study, endorsed by British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) and British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), aimed to benchmark NAFLD care in UK hospitals against these KPIs.

Lack of regional pathways impact on surgical delay: Analysis of the Orthopaedic Trauma Hospital Outcomes-Patient Operative Delays (ORTHOPOD) study.

Introduction: Current practice following injury within the United Kingdom is to receive surgery, at the institution of first contact regardless of ability to provide timely intervention and inconsiderate of neighbouring hospital resource and capacity. This can lead to a mismatch of demand and capacity, delayed surgery and stress within hospital systems, particularly with regards to elective services. We demonstrate through a multicentre, multinational study, the impact of this at scale.

Sport-Specific Recovery Trajectories for NCAA Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion.

The recovery trajectories of collegiate athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) are well characterized in contact/collision sports but are less well understood in limited contact sports with lower risk, reducing the ability of clinicians to effectively manage the return-to-play (RTP) process. The current study investigated the time to asymptomatic and RTP across a broad range of male and female collegiate sports and sought to group sports by recovery intervals. Data from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium included 1049 collegiate athletes who sustained a SRC while participating in game or practice/training of their primary sport.

Experiences of health care services among people with cognitive disabilities and mental health conditions.

Background: People with cognitive disabilities such as intellectual and developmental disabilities face significant barriers to accessing high-quality health care services. Barriers may be exacerbated for those with co-occurring mental health conditions.

Objective: This study compares patient experiences of health care services between adults with and without cognitive disabilities and, among people with a cognitive disability, those with and without co-occurring mental health conditions.

Gene Expression Alterations in Peripheral Blood Following Sport-Related Concussion in a Prospective Cohort of Collegiate Athletes: A Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium Study.

Background: Molecular-based approaches to understanding concussion pathophysiology provide complex biological information that can advance concussion research and identify potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers of injury.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify gene expression changes in peripheral blood that are initiated following concussion and are relevant to concussion response and recovery.

Methods: We analyzed whole blood transcriptomes in a large cohort of concussed and control collegiate athletes who were participating in the multicenter prospective cohort Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium study.

Behavioral read-out from population value signals in primate orbitofrontal cortex.

The primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been recognized for its role in value-based decisions; however, the exact mechanism linking value representations in the OFC to decision outcomes has remained elusive. Here, to address this question, we show, in non-human primates, that trial-wise variability in choices can be explained by variability in value signals decoded from many simultaneously recorded OFC neurons. Mechanistically, this relationship is consistent with the projection of activity within a low-dimensional value-encoding subspace onto a potentially higher-dimensional, behaviorally potent output subspace.

Evaluating relationships between seed morphological traits and seed dormancy in Willd.

Introduction: Quinoa is a high-value, nutritious crop that performs well in variable environments, marginal soils, and in diverse crop rotations. Quinoa's many attributes make it an ideal crop for supporting human health in global communities and economies. To date, quinoa research has largely focused on traits in adult plants important for enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity, abiotic stress, disease resistance, and yield.

Association of cannabis use with patient-reported pain measures among adults with chronic pain in US states with medical cannabis programs.

Introduction: Most Americans live in a state that has legalized cannabis as a medical treatment for pain, but it is unclear how chronic pain intensity relates to cannabis use. Our objective was to examine the association between patient-reported pain measures and cannabis among adults with chronic pain.

Methods: This cross-sectional study of a representative sample of adults reporting chronic non-cancer pain in 36 states and DC with active medical cannabis programs from March to April 2022 assessed cannabis use for chronic pain, categorized as active (within 30 days), past (>31 days), or never use (referent).

State Laws That Require Coprescribing Opioids and Naloxone and Codispensing Practices.

Introduction: Coprescribing naloxone with opioids could reduce the risk of overdose. By the end of 2020, 8 U.S.

Plasma phosphorylated tau181 as a biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury: findings from THINC and NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium prospective cohorts.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) protein in plasma in a cohort of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and a cohort of concussed athletes.

Methods: This pilot study comprised two independent cohorts. The first cohort-part of a Traumatic Head Injury Neuroimaging Classification (THINC) study-with a mean age of 46 years was composed of uninjured controls (UIC, = 30) and mTBI patients ( = 288) recruited from the emergency department with clinical computed tomography (CT) and research magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child.

Background: Prenatal exposure to certain anti-seizure medications (ASMs) is associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCM). The majority of women with epilepsy continue taking ASMs throughout pregnancy and, therefore, information on the potential risks associated with ASM treatment is required.

Objectives: To assess the effects of prenatal exposure to ASMs on the prevalence of MCM in the child.

Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure with Iron Deficiency.

Background: Ferric carboxymaltose therapy reduces symptoms and improves quality of life in patients who have heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency. Additional evidence about the effects of ferric carboxymaltose on clinical events is needed.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned ambulatory patients with heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less, and iron deficiency, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive intravenous ferric carboxymaltose or placebo, in addition to standard therapy for heart failure.

Perspectives of U.S. harm reduction advocates on persuasive message strategies.

Background: The messages used to communicate about harm reduction are critical in garnering public support for adoption of harm reduction interventions. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of harm reduction interventions at reducing overdose deaths and disease transmission, the USA has been slow to adopt harm reduction to scale. Implementation of evidence-based interventions has been hindered by a historical framing of drug use as a moral failure and related stigmatizing attitudes among the public toward people who use drugs.

Investigating the effect of drug release on in-stent restenosis: A hybrid continuum - agent-based modelling approach.

Background And Objective: In-stent restenosis (ISR) following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains an unresolved issue, with ISR rates up to 10%. The use of antiproliferative drugs on DESs has significantly reduced ISR. However, a complete knowledge of the mechanobiological processes underlying ISR is still lacking.

Novel Collaborations Across Training Programs to Support Mentoring in Sex Differences Research.

There is a critical need to develop a capable and well-trained workforce dedicated to the systematic study of sex differences and examination of sex as a biological variable. Through the support of the Office of Research on Women's Health and partner National Institute of Health centers, the Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences Career Enhancement Cores (CECs) were established to help address this need. We describe the integration of the Medical University of South Carolina SCORE CEC with other National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded and institutional training programs to promote training synergies, share resources, and enhance mentorship opportunities.

Post-COVID care delivery: The experience from an Irish tertiary centre's post-COVID clinic.

Background: The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and optimal follow-up approach are not well-recognised. Here we describe the implementation of a post-COVID clinic in an Irish tertiary centre after the first wave of the pandemic. This study describes the characteristics of our patient cohort and the operations and outcomes of the clinic, exploring some of the risk factors for developing post-COVID syndrome and the appropriateness of the triage system employed.

Modelling smart drug release with functionally graded materials.

Functionally graded materials (FGMs), possessing properties that vary smoothly from one region to another, have been receiving increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical sectors. However, they have yet to reach their full potential. In this paper, we explore the potential of FGMs in the context of drug delivery, where the unique material characteristics offer the potential of fine-tuning drug-release for the desired application.

Association Between Symptom Cluster Endorsement at Initiation of a Graduated Return-to-Activity Protocol and Time to Return to Unrestricted Activity After Concussion in United States Service Academy Cadets.

Background: The endorsement of symptoms upon initiation of a graduated return-to-activity (GRTA) protocol has been associated with prolonged protocols. It is unclear whether there are specific symptom clusters affecting protocol durations.

Purpose: To describe the endorsement of specific concussion symptom clusters at GRTA protocol initiation and examine the association between symptom cluster endorsement and GRTA protocol duration.