Emergency department ophthalmoscopy: physician confidence and clinical practices.

Objectives: Fundoscopy is crucial in the emergency department to identify or rule out serious ocular and neurological conditions. Despite its clinical importance, fundoscopy is often omitted due to the technical challenges associated with traditional direct ophthalmoscopy, particularly for non-ophthalmologists. This study examines emergency physicians' practices, confidence levels, and training related to various modalities of fundoscopy including traditional direct ophthalmoscopes, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes, panoptic ophthalmoscopes, slit lamp fundoscopy and fundus cameras; and explores the potential role of alternative modalities, such as fundus cameras, in Canadian emergency departments.

Machine learning models predicting risk of revision or secondary knee injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate variable discriminatory and accuracy performance: a systematic review.

Background: To summarize the statistical performance of machine learning in predicting revision, secondary knee injury, or reoperations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to provide a general overview of the statistical performance of these models.

Methods: Three online databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched from database inception to February 6, 2024, to identify literature on the use of machine learning to predict revision, secondary knee injury (e.g.

Classes of outpatient quality of care among individuals with substance-related disorders, based on a survey and health insurance registry.

Objectives: Improving quality of care for individuals with substance-related disorders (SRD) should be a priority considering SRD are associated with high morbidity. This study aimed to identify classes of individuals with SRD based on their clinical characteristics and the quality of outpatient care they received, and to verify whether better quality of care was associated with other respondent characteristics and more favorable subsequent outcomes.

Methods: Data came from the 2023-14 and 2015-16 Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 42,099), merged with administrative data from Quebec's health insurance registry.

Exploring the challenges in manual wheelchair operation for new users.

This exploratory qualitative study examines the challenges faced by manual wheelchair (MWC) users and their clinicians, with a focus on mobility difficulties in both outdoor and indoor environments, as well as training priorities. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 18 clinicians and 25 MWC users from various rehabilitation centres. The interviews, lasting between 30 and 60 minutes, explored specific aspects of MWC use, including mobility challenges, training needs, and psychological factors.

The Emerging Role of Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Post Pericardiotomy Syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to evaluate current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS), with a focus on the evolving role of multimodality imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The review also explores the potential benefits of advanced imaging in improving the accuracy and management of PPS.

Recent Findings: PPS, a common complication following cardiac surgery, presents with pleuritic chest pain, fever, and pericardial or pleural effusion.

Facilitators and barriers affecting the implementation of e-health for chronic respiratory diseases in remote settings: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are important causes of disability and mortality globally. Their incidence may be higher in remote locations where healthcare is limited and risk factors, such as smoking and indoor air pollution, are more prevalent. E-health could overcome some healthcare access obstacles in remote locations, but its utilisation has been limited.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Parental and family presence are essential: A qualitative study of children's lived experiences with family presence in pediatric intensive care.

Objective: To better understand critically ill children's lived experiences with family presence in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Study Design: This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study is grounded in a Childhood Ethics ontology. We recruited children (aged 6-17 years) admitted to one of four participating Canadian PICUs between November 2021-July 2022 using maximum variation sampling.

Processes and measurements: a framework for understanding neural oscillations in field potentials.

Various neuroscientific theories maintain that brain oscillations are important for neuronal computation, but opposing views claim that these macroscale dynamics are 'exhaust fumes' of more relevant processes. Here, we approach the question of whether oscillations are functional or epiphenomenal by distinguishing between measurements and processes, and by reviewing whether causal or inferentially useful links exist between field potentials, electric fields, and neurobiological events. We introduce a vocabulary for the role of brain signals and their underlying processes, demarcating oscillations as a distinct entity where both processes and measurements can exhibit periodicity.

Perspectives surrounding robotic total hip arthroplasty: a cross-sectional analysis using natural language processing.

Background: Robotic technology has been used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for several years. Despite the advances in this field, perspectives surrounding robotic THA are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the landscape of robotic THA on social media.

Preferred labels and language to improve communication about lesions at low risk of progressing to cancer: qualitative interviews with patients and physicians.

Objectives: We explored how to improve communication about low-risk lesions including labels, language and other strategies.

Design: Qualitative description and thematic analysis to examine the transcripts of telephone interviews with patients who had low-risk lesions and physicians; and mapping to Communication Accommodation Theory to interpret themes.

Setting: Canada PARTICIPANTS: 15 patients: 6 (40%) bladder, 5 (33%) prostate and 4 (27%) cervix lesions; and 13 physicians: 7 (54%) cervix, 3 (23%) bladder and 3 (23%) prostate lesions.

EEFSEC deficiency: A selenopathy with early-onset neurodegeneration.

Inborn errors of selenoprotein expression arise from deleterious variants in genes encoding selenoproteins or selenoprotein biosynthetic factors, some of which are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that bi-allelic selenocysteine tRNA-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC) variants cause selenoprotein deficiency, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. EEFSEC deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder, manifests with global developmental delay, progressive spasticity, ataxia, and seizures.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Age-related disparities in national maternal mortality trends: A population-based study.

Objective: An upward trend in maternal age has been observed in the United States (US) over the last twenty years. The study objective was to examine the association of maternal age with maternal mortality in the US and examine temporal trends in mortality by maternal age.

Methods: A retrospective population-based analysis in the US between 2000-2019 was conducted using records from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Mortality Multiple Cause" and "Birth Data" files.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Yet, the alignment of systemic and central oxidative stress biomarkers is unclear across diverse populations in the AD continuum. This study aims to assess protein damage levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the AD continuum.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging greatly impacted Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and diagnosis. which makes predicting PET brain imaging alterations using blood data is of high interest. Additionally, integrating PET and omics data can provide new insights into AD pathophysiology.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Despite amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles being recognized as major Alzheimer's Disease (AD) hallmarks, their synergistic contribution to neuronal activity remains unclear. We developed a neuroimaging-based personalized brain activity model to assess the in-vivo functional impact of AD pathophysiology. In previous reports, model-inferred neuronal excitability predicted disease progression (i.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: A growing body of research has focused on inflammation as both a potential biomarker and a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and in the physiological homeostasis of neural tissue. AD has been associated with increased IL-6 expression in brain, however, increased levels of IL-6 have also been linked to conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Genetic variants that confer protection from Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be particularly critical in developing therapeutics. To target protective variant identification, we performed genetic association testing among selected individuals with whole genome sequencing (WGS) that remained alive and dementia-free beyond age 85 ("Wellderly").

Methods: We selected 1,873 White and Black Wellderly individuals with documented normal cognition beyond age 85 as determined by direct, in-person assessment with WGS from the NHLBI TOPMed project.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are increasingly recognized for their role in cognitive decline and the progression of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite advances in imaging technologies, the exact contribution of WMHs to disease processes remains a subject of ongoing research. This study aims to apply machine learning approaches to determine critical features of AD-related neuropathologies in vivo.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Activation of the mTOR pathway is pivotal for microglia to induce and sustain neuroprotective functions (Ulland et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2022).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Inflammation is central to Alzheimer Disease (AD), as astrocyte reactivity accompanies the appearance of Aβ and phosphorylated tau (Bellaver et al., 2023). As expected, therefore, AD patients have elevated levels of CSF inflammatory cytokines (Onyango et al.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Glutamatergic neurotransmission system dysregulation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, reported results on glutamatergic components across brain regions are contradictory. Here, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine whether there are consistent glutamatergic abnormalities in the human AD brain.