A systematic review on malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine challenges in sub-Saharan African clinical trials.

Objective: For more than a century, developing novel and effective vaccines against malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) infections has been a challenge. This review sought to investigate the reasons for the slow progress of malaria and TB vaccine candidates in sub-Saharan African clinical trials.

Methods: The systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO on July 26, 2023 (CRD42023445166).

Efficient and Accurate Brain Tumor Classification Using Hybrid MobileNetV2-Support Vector Machine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics in Neoplasms.

Background/objectives: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in brain tumor diagnosis by providing clear visualization of soft tissues without the use of ionizing radiation. Given the increasing incidence of brain tumors, there is an urgent need for reliable diagnostic tools, as misdiagnoses can lead to harmful treatment decisions and poor outcomes. While machine learning has significantly advanced medical diagnostics, achieving both high accuracy and computational efficiency remains a critical challenge.

Dynamical modeling of Salmonellosis in humans and dairy cattle with temperature and pH effects.

Approximately 20 million cases and 0.15 million human fatalities worldwide each year are caused by Salmonellosis. A mechanistic compartmental model based on ordinary differential equations is proposed to evaluate the effects of temperature and pH on the transmission dynamics of Salmonellosis.

Blood smear imagery dataset for malaria parasite detection: A case of Tanzania.

Malaria is a major public health issue in many regions of Africa, including Tanzania. The Tanzania Malaria National Strategic Plan (2021-2025) emphasizes on high-quality testing services availability, high coverage of timely diagnosis of malaria, and availability of innovative diagnostic systems for effective detection, treatment and control of malaria. This would be achieved by employing state of the art technologies like Machine learning.

anti-schistosomal activity of the methanol extracts from and .

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by the flat worms under the genus . The disease is prominent in tropical and sub tropical countries and it is manifested in two forms; the acute and the chronic form. Treatment and control of the schistosomiasis is constrained with various factors including immerging worm resistance and selective efficacy of the current recommended drug of choice.

A new lineage nomenclature to aid genomic surveillance of dengue virus.

Dengue virus (DENV) is currently causing epidemics of unprecedented scope in endemic settings and expanding to new geographical areas. It is therefore critical to track this virus using genomic surveillance. However, the complex patterns of viral genomic diversity make it challenging to use the existing genotype classification system.

Prevalence of human schistosomiasis in various regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted for the past ten years (2013-2023).

Schistosomiasis is a significant public health problem in Tanzania, particularly for the people living in the marginalized settings. We have conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis on the prevalence of schistosomiasis to add knowledge towards the development of effective approaches to control the disease in Tanzania. Online databases namely, Pub Med, SCOPUS and AJOL, were systematically searched and a random effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of the disease.

Using ozone nanobubbles, and microalgae to promote the removal of nutrients from aquaculture wastewater: Insights from the changes of microbiomes.

Integrated aquaculture wastewater treatment systems (IAWTSs) are widely used in treating aquaculture wastewater with the aeration-microalgae unit serving as an important component. In this study, we artificially constructed an IAWTS and applied two aeration-microalgae methods: ordinary aeration or ozone nanobubbles (ONBs) with microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata). The impact of N.

Thermo-Alkali-Tolerant Recombinant Laccase from and Its Degradation Potential against Zearalenone and Aflatoxin B.

The enzymatic biodegradation of mycotoxins in food and feed has attracted the most interest in recent years. In this paper, the laccase gene from was cloned and expressed in BL 21(D3). The sequence analysis indicated that the gene consisted of 1533 bp.

A new lineage nomenclature to aid genomic surveillance of dengue virus.

Dengue virus (DENV) is currently causing epidemics of unprecedented scope in endemic settings and expanding to new geographical areas. It is therefore critical to track this virus using genomic surveillance. However, the complex patterns of viral genomic diversity make it challenging to use the existing genotype classification system.

Common beans imagery dataset for early detection of bean rust and bean anthracnose diseases.

Common bean plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector in Tanzania. To most smallholder farmers, the crop serves as a principal source of protein and an essential source of income. Despite its significance, common bean production is often affected by diseases, particularly bean rust and bean anthracnose, resulting in low yields and diminished economic returns.

Arsenic and cadmium availability and its removal in paddy farming areas.

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grain is a global concern threatening food security and safety to the growing population. As and Cd are toxic non-essential elements poisonous to animal and human at higher levels. Its accumulation in agro-ecosystems pose a public health risk to consumers of agro-ecosystem products.

Application of multi-criteria decision-making on low-impact development practice selection for the Kinyerezi River sub-catchments in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

The impermeable areas in catchments are proportional to peak flows that result in floods in river reaches where the flow-carrying capacity is inadequate. The high rate of urbanization witnessed in the Kinyerezi River catchment in Dar es Salaam city has been noted to contribute to floods and siltation in the Msimbazi River. The Low-Impact Development (LID) practices that includes bio-retention (BR) ponds, rain barrels (RBs), green roofs (GRs), etc.

Emerging environmental contaminants: Sources, effects on biodiversity and humans, remediation, and conservation implications.

Ecosystems, biodiversity, and the human population all depend on a quality or uncontaminated environment. Quality environment provides people and wildlife access to nutrition, medications, dietary supplements, and other ecosystem services. The conservation of biodiversity-that is, species richness, abundance, heredities, and diversity-as well as the control of climate change are facilitated by such an uncontaminated environment.

Exogenous compound bacteria enhance the nutrient removal efficiency of integrated bioremediation systems: Functional genes and microorganisms play key roles.

With the continuous development of intensive mariculture, the application of the integrated bioremediation system of aquaculture wastewater (IBSAW) is increasingly promoted. However, the process and nutrients removal performance of the IBSAW need to be further optimized due to its immature technologies. In this study, exogenous compound bacteria (ECB) were added to IBSAW to investigate its pollutants removal efficiency and the relevant mechanisms.

Designed complexes combining brazilein and brazilin with betanidin for dye-sensitized solar cell application: DFT and TD-DFT study.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promising third-generation photovoltaic cell technology owing to their easy fabrication, flexibility and better performance under diffuse light conditions. Natural pigment sensitizers are abundantly available and environmentally friendliness. However, narrow absorption spectra of natural pigments result in low efficiencies of the DSSCs.

Dog screening as a novel complementary guinea worm disease control tool to mitigate persistence in Chad: A modeling study.

A free-roaming dog population remains one of the major public health problems in many developing countries. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of owned roaming and stray dogs on the persistence and possible eradication of Guinea worm disease (GWD) in Chad. We developed and analysed a multi-host of Guinea worm; and considered dogs as the definitive hosts, and fish as the intermediate hosts.

Socioecological systems analysis of potential factors for cholera outbreaks and assessment of health system's readiness to detect and respond in Ilemela and Nkasi districts, Tanzania.

Background: Cholera outbreaks are a recurrent issue in Tanzania, with Ilemela and Nkasi districts being particulary affected. The objective of this study was to conduct a socio-ecological system (SES) analysis of cholera outbreaks in these districts, identifying potential factors and assessing the preparedness for cholera prevention and control.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Ilemela and Nkasi districts of Mwanza and Rukwa regions, respectively in Tanzania between September and October 2021.

Insect-pollinators and their interactions with plants differ in disturbed and semi-natural areas: Tanzania's Southern Highlands case study.

Due to inadequate insect-pollinator data, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries like Tanzania, it is difficult to manage and protect these species in disturbed and semi-natural areas. Field surveys were conducted to assess insect-pollinator abundance and diversity and their interactions with plants in disturbed and semi-natural areas in Tanzania's Southern Highlands using pan traps, sweep netting, transect counts, and timed observations techniques. We found that species diversity and richness of insect-pollinators were high in semi-natural areas, and there was 14.

The effects of Cyclina sinensis bioturbation on alkaline phosphatase and total microbial hydrolytic activities in marine clam-shrimp integrated ponds.

This study investigated the influence of Venus clam Cyclina sinensis bioturbation activities on the total benthic microbial and phosphatase activities and selected sediment properties: total phosphorus (TP), total organic nitrogen (TON), and total organic carbon (TOC) in aquaculture ponds. Sediments samples from clam-shrimp integrated pond and non-clam integrated pond were sampled for the study, in which sediment microbial activity (MBA) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), sediment organic contents (TP, TON, TOC, TOM) and water quality parameter (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and moisture content) were analyzed. The p-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium (p-NPP) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were adopted to measure APA and MBA, respectively.

Unraveling the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: insights from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Background: Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the global population. In addition to the complex etiology, linking this illness to genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors, the dynamic experiences associated with this disease, such as experiences of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behaviors, limit neurological consensuses regarding mechanisms underlying this disease.

Methods: In this study, we recruited 72 patients with schizophrenia and 74 healthy individuals matched by age and sex to investigate the structural brain changes that may serve as prognostic biomarkers, indicating evidence of neural dysfunction underlying schizophrenia and subsequent cognitive and behavioral deficits.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liver from wild and farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Kariba, Zambia: Levels and geographic trends and considerations in relation to environmental quality standards (EQSs).

The current study was carried out to investigate a wide variety of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wild and farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Kariba, Zambia, and assess levels of POPs in relation to Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs). Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined in liver samples of tilapia. PFASs compounds PFOS, PFDA and PFNA were only detected in wild fish, with the highest median PFOS levels in site 1 (0.

Machine Learning Imagery Dataset for Maize Crop: A Case of Tanzania.

Maize is one of the most important staple food and cash crops that are largely produced by majority of smallholder farmers throughout the humid and sub-humid tropic of Africa. Despite its significance in the household food security and income, diseases, especially Maize Lethal Necrosis and Maize Streak, have been significantly affecting production of this crop. This paper offers a dataset of well curated images of maize crop for both healthy and diseased leaves captured using smartphone camera in Tanzania.