Incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes and sociodemographic predictors of complications: A nationwide registry study.

Aims: Early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (18-45 years) is rising globally, yet complication incidence in this group remains unclear. We investigated the incidence of early-onset T2DM, the incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications, and how comorbidities (e.g.

Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Severe Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: The prevalence and impact of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is unknown. We aimed to determine whether RVD assessed by echocardiography in routine clinical practice is independently associated with mortality in patients with DMR.

Methods And Results: We used data from the MIDA-Q (Mitral Regurgitation International DAtabase-Quantitative) registry, which included patients with isolated DMR due to mitral valve prolapse from January 2003 to January 2020 from 5 tertiary centers across North America, Europe, and the Middle East.

Non-pharmaceutical treatments for irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of gut-brain interaction that impacts a significant portion of the population and is associated with substantial morbidity, reduced quality of life, and economic impact globally. The pathophysiology of IBS is complex and incompletely understood, and the heterogeneity of IBS is reflected in the variety of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical therapies utilized for the management of IBS. Given limitations with pharmaceutical treatments, many patients with IBS seek non-pharmaceutical options.

Targeting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 attenuates immunopathology in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: We aim to explore the role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 2 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development, the in vivo regulation of mTORC2 by type I interferon (IFN) signaling in autoimmunity, and to use mTORC2 targeting therapy to ameliorate lupus-like symptoms in an in vivo lupus mouse model and an in vitro coculture model using human PBMCs.

Method: We first induced lupus-like disease in T cell specific Rictor, a key component of mTORC2, deficient mice by topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) and monitored disease development. Next, we investigated the changes of mTORC2 signaling and immunological phenotypes in type I IFNAR deficient Lpr mice.

Transgender Healthcare: A Historical Narrative of Gender-Affirming Plastic Surgery.

This historical narrative presents a comprehensive historical journey delving into the diverse facets of gender identity and expression across ancient cultures. It explores these civilizations' perspectives on gender diversity, highlighting instances that challenged conventional gender norms. Transitioning to the modern era, the narrative examines the dynamic landscape of LGBTQ+ and trans movements, spotlighting influential figures whose advocacy has significantly influenced societal perceptions and advanced the rights of gender diverse individuals.

Contribution of rare chromosome 22q11.2 copy number variants to non-syndromic bicuspid aortic valve.

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect in adults, often leading to complications such as thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic stenosis. While BAV is frequently associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.

Prolonged time from cross clamp until normothermic machine perfusion start is associated with increased risk of early allograft dysfunction following DCD liver transplant.

Introduction: There is a paucity of data on the impact of cold ischemia time prior to the initiation of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), particularly in more susceptible organs such livers from DCD donors. The present analysis aimed to investigate the impact of prolonged time from cross clamp until NMP start on early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and other peri-liver transplant (LT) outcomes.

Materials: All DCD LT performed and placed on NMP at Mayo Clinic Arizona, Florida and Rochester from January 2022-March 2024 were included.

Scoping Review of Ethical Discourse in Global Cleft Surgery Literature.

Background: The ethical discourse regarding the delivery of global surgical care has increased in the 21st century. The aims of this manuscript are to explore the differences in ethical domains in the global cleft surgical literature discussed by authors from high-income countries versus lower-middle-income countries and to elucidate changes in ethical discussions over the last decade.

Methods: A thematic coding analysis was completed using NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

The POINTER Imaging baseline cohort: Associations between multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers, cardiovascular health, and cognition.

Introduction: The U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.

SOPRANO: Macitentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Macitentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). SOPRANO evaluated the efficacy and safety of macitentan versus placebo in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. SOPRANO was a phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

American College of Surgeons Cancer Program Annual Report from 2021 Participant User File.

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) collects data from approximately 1,500 Commission on Cancer (CoC) facilities and represent 73.7% of newly diagnosed cancers nationwide. The American College of Surgeons Cancer Program developed it first annual report from the NCDB 2021 participant user file reporting new observations and recent trends of cancer diagnoses, patient demographics, and treatments as well as an in-depth report on treatment and outcomes in breast, pancreas, and colon cancers.

Model for Urgency for Liver Transplantation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Practical Model to Prioritize Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma on the Liver Transplant Waiting List.

Background & Aims: Currently, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States are assigned a uniform score relative to the median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) at transplant after a minimum 6-month waiting period. The authors developed a risk stratification model for patients with HCC using the available and objective variables at time of listing.

Methods: Adult liver transplant candidates with approved HCC exception in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from 2015-2022 were identified.

Validation of two predictive models for survival in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).

Background: The prognosis of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains dismal. A small portion of patients experience longterm survival and need to be identified before treatment allocation. Survival scores may guide clinicians making more informed decisions about treatment options and improve the understanding of patients' prognosis.

Molecular Features of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated With Primary Treatment Resistance.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients that fail to achieve a complete metabolic response with frontline immunochemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Genomic profiling has led to a broader understanding of the molecular drivers in DLBCL, but it is unknown how well current classifiers identify patients that will experience primary treatment resistance (PTR). Using whole exome and RNA sequencing data from newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, we evaluated the genomic landscape of PTR and compared it to that of non-PTR DLBCL.

Neurohospitalist Core Competencies.

The Neurohospitalist Core Competencies comprise a set of competency-based learning objectives that encapsulate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of neurohospitalitists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients with neurologic conditions. These competencies serve to characterize the rapidly expanding field of neurohospitalist medicine. The 27 chapters are divided into 3 sections entitled: neurological conditions, clinical interventions and interpretation of ancillary studies, and neurohospitalist role in the healthcare system.

Comparative analysis of treatment modalities for solitary, small (≤3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes.

Background: Solitary hepatocellular carcinoma measuring ≤3 cm represents approximately 30% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases, yet treatment guidelines lack robust evidence. This study compares oncologic outcomes after ablation, liver resection, and liver transplantation for solitary, small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: We systematically searched databases up to 7 February 2022, for studies including adults with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm treated by any ablation, liver resection, or liver transplantation.

Spigelian Hernia Unveiled: A Case Report of Unexpectedly Extended Hernial Sac and Successful Surgical Intervention.

Spigelian hernia is a rare type of abdominal hernia; diagnosis is primarily through computed tomography, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and planning early surgical intervention to preserve the herniated sac's contents.

Cell migration simulator-based biomarkers for glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor with poor survival due to its invasive nature driven by cell migration, with unclear linkage to transcriptomic information. The aim of this study was to develop a physics-based framework connecting to transcriptomics to predict patient-specific glioblastoma cell migration.

Methods And Results: We applied a physics-based motor-clutch model, a cell migration simulator (CMS), to parameterize the migration of glioblastoma cells and define physical biomarkers on a patient-by-patient basis.

A deep learning approach predicting the activity of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines against emerging variants.

Understanding which viral variants evade neutralization is crucial for improving antibody-based treatments, especially with rapidly evolving viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Yet, conventional assays are labor intensive and cannot capture the full spectrum of variants. We present a deep learning approach to predict changes in neutralizing antibody activity of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccine-elicited sera/plasma against emerging viral variants.