Mastering rectal cancer MRI: From foundational concepts to optimal staging.

MRI plays a critical role in the local staging, restaging, surveillance, and risk stratification of patients, ensuring they receive the most tailored therapy. As such, radiologists must be familiar not only with the key MRI findings that influence management decisions but also with the appropriate MRI protocols and structured reporting. Given the complexity of selecting the optimal therapy for each patient-which often requires multidisciplinary discussions-radiologists should be well-versed in relevant treatment strategies and surgical terms, understanding their significance in guiding patient care.

Breast ultrasound imaging systems performance evaluation using novel Contrast-Detail (C-D) and Anechoic-Target (A-T) phantoms.

Unlabelled: Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in the early detection and management of breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the imaging performance of a range of clinically-used breast ultrasound systems using a set of novel spherical lesion contrast-detail (C-D) and anechoic-target (A-T) phantoms.

Methods: C-D and A-T phantoms were imaged using a range of clinical breast ultrasound systems and imaging modes.

Targeting alarmins in asthma- From the bench to the clinic.

Over the past two decades, mechanistic studies of allergic and type 2 (T2)-mediated airway inflammation have led to multiple approved therapies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma. The approval and availability of these monoclonal antibodies targeting immunoglobulin E, a type 2 cytokine (IL-5) and/or cytokine receptors (IL-5Rα, IL-4Rα) has been central to the progresses made in the management of moderate-to-severe asthma over this period. However, there are persistent gaps in clinician's ability to provide precise care given that many patients with type 2-high asthma do not respond to the IgE or T2 cytokine-targeting therapies and patients with type 2-low asthma have limited therapeutic options.

Survival, Tumor Control, and Safety Outcomes of Proton Therapy in Sinonasal Cancer Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In sinonasal cancer (SNC), treatment with proton therapy (PT) provides excellent local control, especially after gross total resection. Because of the heterogeneity and rarity of this disease site, a comprehensive assessment of toxicity, survival, and control rates is lacking. Our primary objective was to assess the toxicity outcomes of PT in SNC patients, with a secondary aim of assessing survival and tumor control after PT.

Initial clinical experience with [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: dosimetry, safety, and efficacy from the lead-in cohort of the SPLASH trial.

Introduction: SPLASH (NCT04647526) is a multicenter phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study leveraged a lead-in phase to assess tissue dosimetry and evaluate preliminary safety and efficacy, prior to expansion into a randomized phase. Here we report those results.

Data-driven discovery of associations between prescribed drugs and dementia risk: A systematic review.

Abstract: Recent clinical trials on slowing dementia progression have led to renewed focus on finding safer, more effective treatments. One approach to identify plausible candidates is to assess whether existing medications for other conditions may affect dementia risk. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies adopting a data-driven approach to investigate the association between a wide range of prescribed medications and dementia risk.

Performance of Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimating Equations in Kidney Transplant Recipients of Various Races: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: We assessed the accuracy of different GFR estimating equations in kidney transplant recipients across diverse racial backgrounds, addressing the previously identified validation gap in multiethnic populations predominantly studied in White cohorts.

Methods: In this single-center study, eGFR was compared to the measured GFR (mGFR) one year following kidney transplantation.

Results: The 1-year eGFR and mGFR data from 1145 participants (54% Whites, 23% Hispanics, 9% Blacks, 7% Native Americans, and 6% Asians) revealed varied correlations across racial groups.

Diagnostic performance of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for pleural-based and fissure-based pulmonary lesions.

Background: Sampling of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) abutting the pleura carries a higher risk of pneumothorax and complications. Although typically performed with image-guided transthoracic biopsy, the advent of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) provides an alternative diagnostic procedure for this subtype of lesions.

Methods: A retrospective study on PPL attached to the peripheral pleura (PP), comprising costal and diaphragmatic pleura, mediastinal pleura (MP), and fissural pleura (FP) sampled by ssRAB, from January 2020 to December 2023.

Incidence and Outcomes of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) often require prosthetic valve implantation, increasing their lifetime risk of developing prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of PVE in adults with CHD.

Method: Retrospective cohort study of adults with CHD and prior prosthetic valve implantation (2003-2023).

Pediatric erythromelalgia from multidisciplinary perspectives: a scoping review.

Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic pain disorder characterized by the triad of intense burning sensation, warmth, and redness, primarily involving the hands and feet, and usually alleviated by cold and worsened by heat. The objective of this scoping review was to: 1) map the existing literature on erythromelalgia in youth, 2) identify knowledge gaps, and 3) inform directions for future research in pediatric erythromelalgia. One hundred and sixty-seven studies reporting 411 cases of childhood-onset erythromelalgia were identified.

The effects of admission hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of certain comorbidities on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes remains largely unexplored. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients treated with MT. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of DM and admission hyperglycemia on MT outcomes.

Population-Based Analysis of Late Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Mitral Valve Regurgitation.

Background: Population-based analyses may reduce uncertainty related to referral bias and/or incomplete follow-up.

Objectives: This study analyzed long-term mortality and durability of mitral valve repair in a geographically defined population with clinical and echocardiographic follow-up.

Methods: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify 153 Olmsted County patients who underwent mitral valve repair for degenerative regurgitation from 1993 to 2018.

Daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in untreated multiple myeloma: analysis of key subgroups of the MAIA study.

In the MAIA study (median follow-up, 56.2 months), daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). In this post hoc analysis of clinically important subgroups in MAIA (median follow-up, 64.

Cystic Breast Disease: What to Do When It's Not So Cystic.

Cystic breast masses are a common entity encountered by breast radiologists. The imaging features of benign and malignant cystic masses may overlap, causing confusion and miscategorization with the potential to produce diagnostic delay and harm. This article provides a review of key differentiating imaging features that help guide appropriate mass characterization and treatment.

Engineered T cells secreting αB7-H3-αCD3 bispecific engagers for enhanced anti-tumor activity against B7-H3 positive multiple myeloma: a novel therapeutic approach.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with increasing global incidence. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting BCMA has shown efficacy in relapsed or refractory MM, but it faces resistance due to antigen loss and the tumor microenvironment. Bispecific T-cell engaging (BITE) antibodies also encounter clinical challenges, including short half-lives requiring continuous infusion and potential toxicities.

Seamless Navigation of Bispecific Therapies: Optimizing Management and Outpatient Access With a Focus on Coordination.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as crucial therapeutic agents for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and most recently, lung cancer. These therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in clinical trials; however, multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes amid the operational complexities associated with BsAb therapy. As BsAbs are being prepared for broader adoption, clinicians and treatment centers must navigate operational challenges, including financial considerations, patient selection, caregiver involvement, and transitions of care.

Identifying biomarker-driven subphenotypes of cardiogenic shock: analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials.

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, making it challenging to predict patient trajectory and response to treatment. This study aims to identify biological/molecular CS subphenotypes, evaluate their association with outcome, and explore their impact on heterogeneity of treatment effect (ShockCO-OP, NCT06376318).

Methods: We used unsupervised clustering to integrate plasma biomarker data from two prospective cohorts of CS patients: CardShock (N = 205 [2010-2012, NCT01374867]) and the French and European Outcome reGistry in Intensive Care Units (FROG-ICU) (N = 228 [2011-2013, NCT01367093]) to determine the optimal number of classes.

Impact of Trial Eligibility Criteria on Outcomes of 1183 Patients With Follicular Lymphoma Treated in the Real-World Setting.

The development of new first-line treatments for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) is becoming increasingly challenging due to already excellent survival outcomes. The present study investigated the outcomes of patients with FL who underwent contemporary first-line therapies but would not have been eligible for inclusion in recent trials and explored how commonly used in/exclusion criteria impacted their survival outcomes. This study included adult patients diagnosed with FL in the period 2000-2018 registered in the Danish Lymphoma Registry.

Double-level osteotomy (DLO) for varus deformity results in over a decade of mean survival without compromising subsequent total knee arthroplasty function at a mean 26-year follow-up.

Purpose: Double-level osteotomies (DLOs) have shown promising results for knee joint preservation, however, most ultimately progress in terms of degenerative disease resulting in conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the time to TKA conversion, long-term clinical outcomes and revision rates of patients who have undergone TKA after prior ipsilateral DLO.

Methods: Patients who underwent simultaneous or staged DLO and subsequently underwent conversion to TKA at a single academic institution from 1997 to 2022 were evaluated.

Quantifying capacity of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in Zimbabwe.

Objectives: To evaluate the otolaryngology surgical capacity in Harare, Zimbabwe by analyzing procedural volumes across four hospitals, one private and three public, from 2019 to 2022.

Methods: A retrospective review of hand-written surgical case logs was conducted at Harare Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute (HEENT), Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals (PGH), Sally Mugabe Children's Hospital (SMCH), and Sally Mugabe Adult's Hospital (SMAH). Patient age and surgical intervention for all otolaryngology surgeries performed in the operating room from 2019 to 2022 were recorded.

Contemporary Perspectives in Critical Care of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.

Background: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a psychiatric-neurologic emergency that may require intensive care management. There is a paucity of information about NMS as a critical illness. We reviewed the Mayo Clinic experience.

Differentiation between renal cell carcinoma metastases to the pancreas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with renal cell carcinoma on CT or MRI.

Purpose: To determine whether renal cell carcinoma metastases (RCC-Mets) to the pancreas can be differentiated from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in patients with RCC on CT or MRI at presentation.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with biopsy-proven RCC-Mets (n = 102) or PNETs (n = 32) at diagnosis or after nephrectomy for RCC. Inter-observer agreement (Cohen kappa) was assessed in 95 patients with independent reads by two radiologists, with discrepancies resolved by consensus for final analysis.

Prognostic factors for refractory outcome in localizing TIO: experience in a tertiary center.

Context: TIO, a paraneoplastic disorder characterised by renal phosphate wasting, is cured by surgical removal of the culprit tumour. Despite correct localization, some remain refractory to intervention, resulting in substantial long-term medical complications.

Aim: We aim to identify risk factors associated with a refractory outcome.