Identification of preferred reminder systems and patient factors to promote adherence in the management of urinary incontinence.

Objective: To investigate comfort level and preferences of automated reminder systems (mail, email, text message, phone call, patient-portal message, and/or smartphone application) to promote adherence to recommended therapies for patients seeking care for urinary incontinence (UI) at our urology clinic in Phoenix, Arizona.

Methods: Anonymous surveys were distributed in English to adult patients with UI from 4/2019-5/2019. Patient demographics, UI type, and access to and use of the Internet, smartphone and patient-portal were assessed.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Incidental Lewy Body Disease and Parkinson's Disease: An Update.

Objective: Measuring olfactory dysfunction shows promise as one of a number of nonmotor biomarkers that can be used to detect clinically manifest and prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and to differentiate these from nonsynucleinopathies. Using a larger sample size than in our previous study, we evaluated the relationship between olfactory dysfunction based on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to the clinicopathological findings in patients with PD (n=41), patients with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) (n=47), and controls with no neurodegenerative disease (n=137).

Design: This study was conducted through the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (AZSAND).

Psychologic wellness of PA, NP, and physician hospitalists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Hospitalists, comprising PAs, NPs, and physicians, manage patients hospitalized with COVID-19. To guide the development of support programs, this study compared the psychologic wellness of hospitalist PAs, NPs, and physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We surveyed hospitalists in 16 hospitals at Mayo Clinic, from May 4 to 25, 2020.

Responding to Callous Humor in Health Care.

Although humor in health care can facilitate relationship building between patients and clinicians, callous humor used to deflect or dismiss distressing emotions undermines relationships, erodes trust, and expresses disregard for vulnerability. Because it affects collegiality, training, and patient care, callous humor should not be tolerated, especially when directed at patients. This article considers why it is important to respond to colleagues who make callous jokes and suggests how to do so.

Correlation Between the Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Nonmotor Scales in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

The Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDSUPDRS), Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), Mayo Sleep Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) are validated instruments for assessing signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to determine whether responses on the MDS-UPDRS correlate with responses to other scales used in patients with PD. Study subjects were enrolled in the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND).

Should Long-Term Life-Sustaining Care Be Started in Emergency Settings?

Decision making on behalf of an incapacitated patient is challenging, particularly in the context of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), a medically complex, high-risk, and costly intervention that provides cardiopulmonary support. In the absence of a surrogate and an advance directive, the clinical team must make decisions for such patients. Because states vary in terms of which decisions clinicians can make, particularly at the end of life, the legal landscape is complicated.

Acute Right Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Resulting in Acute Systolic Heart Failure, Cerebral T-Waves, and QTc Prolongation: A Case Report.

Introduction: Acute cerebral injuries, such as cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic events, have been repeatedly correlated with sudden electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, such as cardiac arrhythmias, QT prolongation, and T-wave inversion (the "cerebral T-wave"). Injuries to the insular cortex have been reported in the literature to result in such changes, possibly due to increased sympathetic tone to the cardiac system.

Case Report: A 65-year-old gentleman presented with an acute right middle cerebral artery territory infarction, and was found to have ECG abnormalities and left ventricular dysfunction, which improved after the acute phase of the stroke.

Expanding RN Scope of Practice to Include Lumbar Puncture.

: The competing demands of caring for high-acuity patients, reducing health care costs, and improving access to specialty care are complex challenges facing all health care providers. One approach-empowering nurses to expand their scope of practice-has been successfully employed for two decades by the nurse and physician leadership of a neurology department in an urban academic medical center. This article discusses the department's implementation of a quality improvement initiative to enhance access to neurology services in an ambulatory clinic by extending nursing practice to include lumbar puncture.

Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life, and high health care costs. Managing the patient with SBS requires an understanding of gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology; a dedicated multidisciplinary team; and the coordination of dietary, fluid, pharmacologic, and comorbid disease management. This article provides an overview of the current state of management of SBS, including a practical approach to optimizing the care and quality of life of the adult patient with SBS.

Evidence-Based Guide on Capsule Endoscopy for Small Bowel Bleeding.

Capsule endoscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for the evaluation of overt and occult small bowel bleeding. Its yield is higher in patients presenting with overt bleeding. The yield is also improved if the capsule is performed soon after the presentation of bleeding.

Inherited renal carcinomas.

Hereditary forms of kidney carcinoma account for 5-8% of all malignant kidney neoplasms. The renal tumors are often multiple and bilateral and occur at an earlier age. Each of the hereditary kidney carcinoma syndromes is associated with specific gene mutations as well as a specific histologic type of kidney carcinoma.

Preferences Regarding Return of Genomic Results to Relatives of Research Participants, Including after Participant Death: Empirical Results from a Cancer Biobank.

Data are lacking with regard to participants' perspectives on return of genetic research results to relatives, including after the participant's death. This paper reports descriptive results from 3,630 survey respondents: 464 participants in a pancreatic cancer biobank, 1,439 family registry participants, and 1,727 healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that most participants would feel obligated to share their results with blood relatives while alive and would want results to be shared with relatives after their death.

Returning a Research Participant's Genomic Results to Relatives: Analysis and Recommendations.

Genomic research results and incidental findings with health implications for a research participant are of potential interest not only to the participant, but also to the participant's family. Yet investigators lack guidance on return of results to relatives, including after the participant's death. In this paper, a national working group offers consensus analysis and recommendations, including an ethical framework to guide investigators in managing this challenging issue, before and after the participant's death.

Management of Biliary Strictures After Liver Transplantation.

Strictures of the bile duct are a well-recognized complication of liver transplant and account for more than 50% of all biliary complications after deceased donor liver transplant and living donor liver transplant. Biliary strictures that develop after transplant are classified as anastomotic strictures or nonanastomotic strictures, depending on their location in the bile duct. The incidence, etiology, natural history, and response to therapy of the 2 types vary greatly, so their distinction is clinically important.

Common anorectal disorders.

Anorectal disorders result in many visits to healthcare specialists. These disorders include benign conditions such as hemorrhoids to more serious conditions such as malignancy; thus, it is important for the clinician to be familiar with these disorders as well as know how to conduct an appropriate history and physical examination. This article reviews the most common anorectal disorders, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fecal incontinence, proctalgia fugax, excessive perineal descent, and pruritus ani, and provides guidelines on comprehensive evaluation and management.

Gastric polyps: a review of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features and management decisions.

The increasing use of endoscopy has led to more discernable abnormalities in the stomach, including polyps. Gastric polyps encompass a spectrum of pathologic conditions that can vary in histology, neoplastic potential, and management. Despite their high prevalence, there is a paucity of literature to support management and treatment decisions for endoscopists.

Quality metrics in endoscopy.

Endoscopy has evolved in the past 4 decades to become an important tool in the diagnosis and management of many digestive diseases. Greater focus on endoscopic quality has highlighted the need to ensure competency among endoscopists. A joint task force of the American College of Gastroenterology and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy has proposed several quality metrics to establish competence and help define areas of continuous quality improvement.

Xp11.2 translocation tumor: a rare cause of gross hematuria.

Xp11.2 translocation tumor is a rare but aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma that predominantly occurs in children but also may be found in young adults. Because this type of cancer is diagnosed via histologic and chromosomal analysis, clinicians should consider translocation tumor in the differential diagnosis of patients with renal lesions and gross hematuria.

Office-based management of fecal incontinence.

Fecal incontinence (FI) is a devastating disorder that is more prevalent than previously realized. FI is the involuntary loss of stool. Many factors contribute to the pathophysiology of FI, including advanced age, bowel irregularity, parity, and obesity.

Collaboration, collegiality, and cooperation: consumer health library services and the American Cancer Society navigator role.

Patients and family members are overwhelmed by the diagnosis of cancer and often do not know where to look for answers, information on the treatment options, or community resources for support during the cancer journey. A unique relationship was forged with a patient and health education librarian at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona and an American Cancer Society navigator, which encouraged collaboration to better meet the informational and supportive healthcare needs of patients. This article addresses the background of the project, the steps taken to establish the relationship, space allocation, and need for confidentiality.

Linaclotide: a novel therapy for chronic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are functional gastrointestinal disorders that significantly affect patients' quality of life. Chronic constipation and IBS are prevalent-1 2% of the US population meet the diagnostic criteria for IBS, and 1 5% meet the criteria for chronic constipation- and these conditions negatively impact the healthcare system from an economic perspective. Despite attempts at dietary modification, exercise, or use of over-the-counter medications, many patients have persistent symptoms.

Capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a comprehensive review.

Historically, the evaluation of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) has been often suboptimal, due to the limited ability to adequately image the small bowel. However, over the past several years, significant improvements have been made in small-bowel imaging techniques, both endoscopically and radiologically. Since the introduction of capsule endoscopy (CE) in particular, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to OGIB have improved significantly.