Recurrent Aseptic (Mollaret) Meningitis: A Case Report.

Mollaret meningitis is a rare form of recurrent, self-resolving, aseptic meningitis with a high rate of return. Although it has been associated with several conditions, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is most common. Diagnosis requires recurrent (>3) episodes of aseptic meningitis as defined by pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with negative bacterial cultures.

Hepatic artery peak systolic velocity compared to non-Doppler ultrasound observations for predicting acute cholecystitis: diagnostic performance and impact on a risk categorization approach.

Purpose: Compare HAv to non-Doppler ultrasound observations for diagnosing acute cholecystitis in a large consecutive cohort of emergency department (ED) patients and establish a method to combine HAv assessment with non-Doppler observations for diagnosing acute cholecystitis.

Methods: Consecutive ED patients at one institution undergoing gallbladder (GB) ultrasound (US) for acute cholecystitis between 1/1/2020 and 8/31/2022 had assessments of GB diameter, GB wall thickness, GB contents, pericholecystic irregular collection, and hepatic artery peak systolic velocity (HAv). The non-Doppler observations were scored and summed.

Radiographic Enhancement of Lymph Nodes 9 Months after Omental Lymph Node Transfer.

Lymphedema is a frequent complication of breast cancer treatment. As the survival rates of breast cancer continue to increase, the number of women with lymphedema will also increase. Surgical treatment of lymphedema has made significant advances during the past 20 years, and our understanding of these procedures continues to evolve.

Are preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers important for the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that grows from polypoid lesions developing over the years. It has a high incidence of about 1.8 million new cases annually.

Rapid response of lichen planus to baricitinib associated with suppression of cytotoxic CXCL13+ CD8+ T-cells.

Background: Cutaneous lichen planus (LP) is a recalcitrant, difficult-to-treat, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic, flat-topped, violaceous papules on the skin. Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor that interrupts the signaling pathway of interferon gamma (IFN)-γ, a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of LP.

Methods: In this phase II trial, twelve patients with cutaneous LP received baricitinib 2 mg daily for 16 weeks, accompanied by in-depth spatial, single-cell, and bulk transcriptomic profiling of pre- and post-treatment samples.

Self-supervised learning for chest computed tomography: training strategies and effect on downstream applications.

Purpose: Self-supervised pre-training can reduce the amount of labeled training data needed by pre-learning fundamental visual characteristics of the medical imaging data. We investigate several self-supervised training strategies for chest computed tomography exams and their effects on downstream applications.

Approach: We benchmark five well-known self-supervision strategies (masked image region prediction, next slice prediction, rotation prediction, flip prediction, and denoising) on 15 M chest computed tomography (CT) slices collected from four sites of the Mayo Clinic enterprise, United States.

Imaging lung tumor motion using integrated-mode proton radiography-A phantom study towards tumor tracking in proton radiotherapy.

Background: Motion of lung tumors during radiotherapy leads to decreased accuracy of the delivered dose distribution. This is especially true for proton radiotherapy due to the finite range of the proton beam. Methods for mitigating motion rely on knowing the position of the tumor during treatment.

Clinical Utility of a Digital Dermoscopy Image-Based Artificial Intelligence Device in the Diagnosis and Management of Skin Cancer by Dermatologists.

Background: Patients with skin lesions suspicious for skin cancer or atypical melanocytic nevi of uncertain malignant potential often present to dermatologists, who may have variable dermoscopy triage clinical experience.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of a digital dermoscopy image-based artificial intelligence algorithm (DDI-AI device) on the diagnosis and management of skin cancers by dermatologists.

Methods: Thirty-six United States board-certified dermatologists evaluated 50 clinical images and 50 digital dermoscopy images of the same skin lesions (25 malignant and 25 benign), first without and then with knowledge of the DDI-AI device output.

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Updates on Myelofibrosis With Cytopenia.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a rare hematologic malignancy that is characterized by dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway resulting in fibrosis of the bone marrow, splenomegaly, and abnormalities in peripheral blood counts including anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. This disease has 2 phenotypic extremes - myeloproliferative and cytopenic. Cytopenic myelofibrosis presents with pronounced cytopenia and a different landscape of genetic mutations which results in worse clinical outcomes and a poor prognosis.

"Lobular lesions of the breast: From the classic to the variants".

The aim of this review is to provide the surgical pathologist an overview of lobular lesions, from in situ to invasive carcinoma and the variants, by discussing the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, morphology, immunohistochemistry, known molecular data as well as the treatment recommendations. The recognition of histologic variants of both in situ and invasive lobular carcinoma has expanded the differential diagnosis. Awareness of these different entities is important as treatment recommendations continue to evolve.

The Dallas Donation after Circulatory Death Transplantation Summit: expanding donation after circulatory death procedures through process improvement, broader utilization, and innovation.

Despite a significant increase in utilization over the past decade, the number of donation after circulatory death (DCD) organs that are procured and transplanted in the United States (US) remains well below its potential. There is still room for expansion, as utilizing DCD organs to the fullest extent is currently the most viable solution to the persistent mismatch between supply and demand in transplantation. We convened a multidisciplinary transplantation summit to examine various aspects of DCD, with faculty members from around the world with clinical and academic interest in DCD donation and transplantation, including abdominal and cardiothoracic surgeons, organ procurement organization directors, hepatologists, and gastroenterologists.

Point-of-care ultrasound training in nephrology: a position statement by the International Alliance for POCUS in Nephrology.

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has rapidly evolved from a niche technology to an indispensable tool across medical specialties, including nephrology. This evolution is driven by advancements in technology and the visionary efforts of clinicians in emergency medicine and beyond. Recognizing its potential, medical schools are increasingly integrating POCUS into training curricula, emphasizing its role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient care.

The Combined Inhibition of SREBP and mTORC1 Signaling Synergistically Inhibits B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway is essential for maintaining sterol homeostasis during B cell activation and germinal center B cell proliferation. However, its potential as a therapeutic target to treat B-cell lymphoma remains unclear.

Methods: We examined SREBP protein expression in human B-cell lymphoma samples using immunohistochemistry.

Predicting Post-Mortem α-Synuclein Pathology by the Combined Presence of Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and Hyposmia.

Background: Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a strong known predictor of a final clinicopathological diagnosis of a Lewy type α-synucleinopathy (LTS). Olfactory dysfunction is an early symptom of synucleinopathies and has been repeatedly associated with the presence of post-mortem LTS.

Objective: To assess the combined value of a clinician diagnosis of probable RBD (PRBD) and hyposmia in predicting the post-mortem presence of LTS in a broader, less-selected, volunteer elderly population.

3D-Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications.

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, holds immense potential for rapid prototyping and customized production of functional health-related devices. With advancements in polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering, polymeric biomaterials have become integral to 3D-printed biomedical applications. However, there still exists a bottleneck in the compatibility of polymeric biomaterials with different 3D printing methods, as well as intrinsic challenges such as limited printing resolution and rates.

Impact of Dermoscopy Training on Diagnostic Accuracy, and Its Association With Biopsy and Referral Patterns Among Primary Care Providers: A Retrospective and Prospective Educational Intervention Study.

Background: Proper diagnosis in primary care is crucial due to the large number of skin cancer diagnoses each year and its associated growing economic burden. Understanding how primary care providers can be best trained in dermoscopy is instrumental in helping primary care providers differentiate benign and malignant cutaneous lesions so that appropriate action can be taken (eg, biopsy/referral to dermatology or reassurance).

Objective: To assess the success of concise dermoscopy training among primary care providers.