Anisakid nematodes in beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) from three fishing grounds in the North Atlantic, with special notes on distribution in the fish musculature.

Parasitic anisakid nematodes commonly occur in the musculature and visceral organs of many fish species from the North Atlantic. In this respect, the presence of the third stage larvae of Anisakis spp. in the fish musculature may pose a potential consumer hazard due to the parasite's ability to cause anisakidosis.

African fermented foods and probiotics.

Africa has an age old history of production of traditional fermented foods and is perhaps the continent with the richest variety of lactic acid fermented foods. These foods have a large impact on the nutrition, health and socio-economy of the people of the continent, often plagued by war, drought, famine and disease. Sub-Saharan Africa is the world's region with the highest percentage of chronically malnourished people and high child mortality.

Detection of radicals in single droplets of oil-in-water emulsions with the lipophilic fluorescent probe BODIPY(665/676) and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Lipid oxidation is a widespread phenomenon in foods and other systems of biological origin. Detection methods for early stages of lipid oxidation are in demand to understand the progress of oxidation in space and time. The fluorescence spectrum of the nonpolar fluorescent probe BODIPY(665/676) changes upon reacting with peroxyl radicals originating from 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile and tert-butoxyl radicals generated from di-tert-butylperoxide.

Short communication: effect of homogenization on heat inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk.

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) can be present in cow milk and low numbers may survive high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization. Although HTST treatment leads to inactivation of at least 5 log10 cycles, it might become necessary to enhance the efficacy of HTST by additional treatments such as homogenization if the debate about the role of MAP in Crohn's disease of humans concludes that MAP is a zoonotic agent.

Determination of impact parameters and efficiency of 6.8/15 caliber captive bolt guns.

While the morphological appearance of injuries due to powder-actuated captive bolt stunners has been extensively investigated, medicolegal literature contains, except for one work by Nadjem and Pollak (Arch Kriminol 203:91-102), no further investigations into the physical impact characteristics of these sharp-edged circular punching tools. However, basic physical parameters, such as bolt velocity, momentum, kinetic energy, and energy density, play a crucial role in the medicolegal and traumatological assessment of captive bolt stunners and the related injuries. And also, regulatory bodies demand a reliable and repeatable measurement test set-up for the determination of captive bolt stunners' impact characteristics.

Kazachstania psychrophila sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic yeast isolated from vacuum-packed beef.

Five novel ascosporogenous yeast strains (H382, H396, H409, H433(T) and H441) were found through a survey of vacuum-packed beef microbiota. Sequence analysis of ITS domain and LSU rRNA genes showed that the new strains represent a distinct lineage within the genus Kazachstania, closely related to Kazachstania lodderae (97.0 % identity) and Kazachstania ichnusensis (96.

MeltDB 2.0-advances of the metabolomics software system.

Motivation: The research area metabolomics achieved tremendous popularity and development in the last couple of years. Owing to its unique interdisciplinarity, it requires to combine knowledge from various scientific disciplines. Advances in the high-throughput technology and the consequently growing quality and quantity of data put new demands on applied analytical and computational methods.

Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during cooking of hamburger patties.

The role of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn's disease in humans has been debated for many years. Milk and milk products have been suggested as possible vectors for transmission since the beginning of this debate, whereas recent publications show that slaughtered cattle and their carcasses, meat, and organs can also serve as reservoirs for MAP transmission.

Dietary fibre fractions in cereal foods measured by a new integrated AOAC method.

The reliable determination of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fibre in baked goods and cereal flours is an important issue for research, nutritional labelling and marketing. We compared total dietary fibre (TDF) contents of selected cereal based foods determined by AOAC Method 991.43 and the new AOAC Method 2009.

Efficiency of two commercial on-farm pasteurizers for inactivation of mastitis pathogens in milk intended for feeding of calves.

Two commercially available pasteurizers for on farm pasteurization of milk intended for feeding calves were tested for their efficiency to inactivate mastitis pathogens. Raw bulk tank milk of the experimental farm Schaedtbek of the Max Rubner-Institute was artificially contaminated with twelve different strains of mastitis pathogens (intended level 7-8 log10 colony forming units [cfu]/ml). The average contamination level was 7.

Differentiation of Sparidae species by DNA sequence analysis, PCR-SSCP and IEF of sarcoplasmic proteins.

The increasing global trade of fishery and aquaculture products makes it necessary to develop methods for species identification in case of fish fillets or other highly processed seafood with external morphological characteristics (e.g. gills, fins) of the original fish being removed.

Seafood: nutritional benefits and risk aspects.

Seafood, such as fish, crustacean and molluscan shellfish, and echinoderms, provides in the edible part (e. g., filet, abdominal muscle) many nutritional components beneficial for the human diet like n-3 polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential elements such as selenium and iodine, high potassium and low sodium concentrations, and the vitamins D, A, E, and B(12), as well as taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) among others.

Characterization of pMRI 5.2, a rolling-circle-type plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092 which harbours two different replication initiation genes.

Plasmid pMRI 5.2 from Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092 was sequenced and analysed. The sequence consists of 5206bp with a mol% G+C content of 35.

Applicability of organic milk indicators to the authentication of processed products.

The validity of established threshold values for the analytical authentication (stable isotopes and fatty acids) of organic drinking milk in Germany was determined for more strongly processed organic dairy products (n=56). Milk fat extracted from both soft and semi-hard cheeses, butter, cream, sour cream, buttermilk, yoghurt and low-fat milk always possessed an α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) content above the minimum level of 0.50% and a stable isotope ratio of carbon (δ¹³C) below the maximum level of -26.

Evidence of bacteriophage-mediated horizontal transfer of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the viral metagenome of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis.

Marine sponges have never been directly examined with respect to the presence of viruses or their potential involvement in horizontal gene transfer. Here we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, the presence of viruses in the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis. Moreover, bacterial 16S rDNA was detected in DNA isolated from these viruses, indicating that phage-derived transduction appears to occur in H.

Acrylamide formation and antioxidant level in biscuits related to recipe and baking.

Heated plant foods may contain compounds with adverse health effects (e.g. acrylamide).

Epigenetic imprinting by commensal probiotics inhibits the IL-23/IL-17 axis in an in vitro model of the intestinal mucosal immune system.

The pathophysiology of IBD is characterized by a complex interaction between genes and the environment. Genetic and environmental differences are attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease pathway and to the epigenetic modifications that lead to altered gene expression in the diseased tissues. The epigenetic machinery consists of short interfering RNA, histone modifications, and DNA methylation.

WEFTA interlaboratory comparison on total lipid determination in fishery products using the Smedes method.

Lipid determination by the Smedes method was tested in an interlaboratory trial performed by nine laboratories from seven countries belonging to the West European Fish Technologists Association Analytical Methods Working Group. Five samples of fish and fishery products with different lipid contents, including two blind duplicates, were distributed among the participants. All laboratories applied a slightly modified Smedes method, which included extraction of lipids by cyclohexane and isopropanol, transfer of lipids to the cyclohexane phase by addition of water, phase separation by centrifugation, and gravimetric lipid determination.

Lapacho tea (Tabebuia impetiginosa) extract inhibits pancreatic lipase and delays postprandial triglyceride increase in rats.

Earlier work in our laboratory indicated that ethanolic extracts of Tabebuia impetiginosa, Arctium lappa L., Calendula officinalis, Helianthus annuus, Linum usitatissimum and L. propolis, inhibit pancreatic lipase in vitro.

Influence of different CLA isomers on insulin resistance and adipocytokines in pre-diabetic, middle-aged men with PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism.

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are natural PPARγ ligands, which showed conflicting effects on metabolism in humans. We examined metabolic effects of different isomers of CLA in subjects with PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms. A total of 35 men underwent four intervention periods in a crossover study design: subjects with either genotypes received c9, t11 CLA or t10, c12 CLA, a commercially available 1:1 mix of both isomers or reference oil (linoleic acid (LA)).

Characterization of Intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri Strains as Potential Probiotics.

This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from human infant feces (less than 3 months). Out of thirty-two representative L. reuteri strains isolated from the infant human feces, nine isolates (i.

Stability of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions: absence of prion protein degradation by bovine gut microbiota.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is transmitted by the oral route. However, the impacts of anaerobic fermentation processes in cattle on the stability of BSE-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) are still unresolved. In this study, experiments were designed to assess the ability of complex ruminal and colonic contents of bovines to degrade BSE-derived PrP(Sc).

Development of a quantitative PCR for detection of Lactobacillus plantarum starters during wine malolactic fermentation.

A quantitative, real-time PCR method was developed to enumerate Lactobacillus plantarum IWBT B 188 during the malolactic fermentation (MLF) in Grauburgunder wine. The qRT-PCR was strain-specific, as it was based on primers targeting a plasmid DNA sequence, or it was L. plantarum-specific, as it targeted a chromosomally located plantaricin gene sequence.

Characterization of Putative Adhesion Genes in the Potentially Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092.

Two putative adhesion genes of the potentially probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092, i.e., a gene with similarity to an aggregation-promoting factor gene apf5092, and the mucin-binding protein gene mub5092, were investigated in this study.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PglyRP3) has an anti-inflammatory role in intestinal epithelial cells.

Intestinal epithelial cells produce cytokines in response to bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN), which is detected by several classes of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) as peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGlyRPs), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and NOD receptors. All types of PGlyRPs recognize bacterial peptidoglycan and function in antibacterial innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the role of PGlyRP3 in the response of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) to PGN from pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus), opportunistic pathogenic (Micrococcus luteus) and non-pathogenic (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) bacteria found in the gut as commensals or in gastroenteritis.