Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Corelates with Normalized YAP Expression and Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation in CDH.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm. While the ensuing compression to the fetal lung causes lung hypoplasia, specific cellular phenotypes and developmental signaling defects in the alveolar epithelium in CDH are not fully understood. Employing lung samples from human CDH, a surgical lamb model and a nitrogen rat model, we investigate whether lung compression impairs alveolar epithelial differentiation and Yes-associated protein (YAP)-mediated mechanosensing.

Retrospective evaluation of post-surgical orchialgia in men undergoing no-scalpel vasectomy.

Introduction: Vasectomy is a form of permanent contraception in men that is safe and effective. Complications are relatively uncommon, although patients may experience postoperative pain. Current literature quotes a broad range in the incidence of chronic orchialgia following no-scalpel vasectomy from 0.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Children and Adolescents Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The literature on fatigue in children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment is highly variable, creating uncertainties about its prevalence and identifying those at higher risk.

Objectives: The primary purpose was to describe the prevalence of fatigue among patients (< 21 years) undergoing cancer treatment across cancer types. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of severe fatigue and factors associated with fatigue.

Exploring the efficacy of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in modulating local and systemic inflammation in experimental models of colitis.

Background: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments often fail to achieve lasting remission and have adverse effects. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) offers a promising therapy due to its anti-inflammatory effects. Its invasive nature, however, has led to the development of non-invasive methods like transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS).

Changing Trends in Job Satisfaction and Burnout for Care Aides in Long-Term Care Homes: The Role of Work Environment.

Objectives: This study examined the association between care unit work environments in long-term care (LTC) homes and trends in care aides' job satisfaction and burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, reduced professional efficacy) from 2014 to early 2020.

Design: This was a retrospective longitudinal study using data from care aide surveys collected by the Translating Research in Elder Care research program over 3 periods: September 2014-May 2015 (T), May 2017-December 2017 (T), and September 2019-March 2020 (T).

Settings And Participants: The study included 631 care aides from a stratified random sample of 84 LTC homes in 3 Canadian provinces, who participated in data collection at all 3 time points.

A-I-D for cascades: an application of the Behaviour Change Wheel to design a theory-based intervention for addressing prescribing cascades in primary care.

Background: Prescribing cascades, which occur when a medication is used to treat the side effect of another medication, are important contributors to polypharmacy. There is an absence of studies that evaluate interventions to address them. We describe an application of the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to design theory-informed interventions for addressing prescribing cascades within interprofessional primary care teams.

Unraveling the Complexity and Advancements of Transdifferentiation Technologies in the Biomedical Field and Their Potential Clinical Relevance.

Chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and organ failure currently depend on conventional pharmaceutical treatment, which may cause detrimental side effects in the long term. In this regard, cell-based therapy has emerged as a suitable alternative for treating these chronic diseases. Transdifferentiation technologies have evolved as a suitable therapeutic alternative that converts one differentiated somatic cell into another phenotype by using transcription factors (TFs), small molecules, or small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules (miRNA).

Artificial intelligence and pediatric surgery: where are we?

Here, we explore the transformative effects of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GEMINI, on pediatric surgery, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, as well as their influence on medical education and patient communication. We discuss the role of AI in enhancing surgical precision, facilitating personalized care strategies throughout all surgical phases, and improving learning for healthcare professionals and students. AI's application in intraoperative settings, providing real-time decision support and augmenting surgical accuracy, underscores how AI can contribute to safer surgical outcomes.

Yes-associated protein is dysregulated in human congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients during mid and end gestation.

Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is implicated in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study aims to investigate the abundance of YAP and its inactive form, phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP), in fetal human lung tissues from CDH cases compared to control cases at mid-gestation and end-gestation.

Methods: Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the abundance of YAP and p-YAP in lung tissues from human CDH and control fetuses who died from causes other than CDH.

Trend control charts for multiple sclerosis case definitions.

Introduction: The validity of chronic disease case definitions for administrative health data may change over time due to changes in data quality. Trend control charts to identify out-of-control (OOC; i.e.

New Disability in a Cohort Study of Older Men-The Manitoba Follow-Up Study.

Background: There is a large literature on the prevalence of disability in older men, but less data on the incidence of new disability.

Objectives: 1. To determine the incidence of moderate-to-severe disability in a prospective cohort study of aging men; and 2.

Anticonvulsant and gabapentinoids pharmacotherapy in the multiple sclerosis prodrome: A population-based matched cohort study.

Background: Before disease onset, multiple sclerosis (MS) persons fill more prescriptions than controls, including for pain. However, knowledge regarding neuropathic pain-related medications is lacking OBJECTIVE: Compare odds of anticonvulsant/gabapentinoid prescriptions for 4,862 MS-cases versus 22,669 controls, pre-MS onset (defined as first demyelinating disease-related event).

Methods: Matched-cohort study using administrative data (1996-2013), comparing the odds of anticonvulsant/gabapentinoid prescriptions pre-MS onset using multivariable logistic regression.

Long-term serological response and boostability of intradermal rabies immunization: A retrospective chart review.

Objectives: Rabies vaccines in Canada are currently labeled for intramuscular use only; however, intradermal vaccine administration may be equally effective. This study aims to assess the immediate and long-term (≥ 2 years) serological response and boostability of intradermal administration of rabies vaccine for pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from electronic medical records at the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Travel Health & Tropical Medicine Services Clinic.

Mobility changes following COVID-19 stay-at-home policies varied by socioeconomic measures: An observational study in Ontario, Canada.

In Canada, lower income households and essential workers were disproportionately at risk of SARS-CoV-2. Early in the pandemic, stay-at-home restriction policies were used to limit virus transmission. There remains an evidence gap in how changes in mobility, in response to the policies, varied across socioeconomic measures in Canada.

Reading between the lines: exploring the unwritten rules of letters of recommendation in the Canadian resident selection process.

Background: Efforts to better understand and improve letters of recommendation (LORs) in the resident selection process have identified unwritten rules and hidden practices that may limit their effectiveness. The objective of our study is to explore these unwritten rules and hidden practices more fully in one Canadian academic medical community.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured, discourse-based interviews with 18 faculty members from the departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry at the University of Manitoba, Canada.

Age- and sex-associated alterations in hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory-associated signaling in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated inflammatory signaling are pivotal in both aging and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have also shown that hypothalamic function is affected in AD. The hypothalamus may be a target for AD drugs given that mitochondrial alterations are observed in the hypothalamus.

Inflatable penile prosthesis implantation in the outpatient setting is safe and feasible: a prospective, singe center study.

Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantations are commonly performed in hospital settings which accommodate an overnight stay and are increasingly being performed as day procedures in outpatient settings with same-day discharge. This study sought to investigate the safety and feasibility of day surgery insertion of an IPP. Surgical parameters and incidence of postoperative complications including infection, hospital admission, emergency room visitation, and additional analgesia were investigated.

Psychological modalities for the treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia: a scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2023.

Introduction: Localized provoked vulvodynia is a common sexual health condition for which there is a lack of consensus on effective management, even though it can have a significant negative impact on psychological wellbeing, sexual functioning, and quality of life for women and their partners.

Aim: To map the research landscape related to the effectiveness/efficacy of psychological treatments for localized provoked vulvodynia, identify gaps, and make recommendations for future research.

Methods: We used Arksey and O'Malley's approach to conducting a scoping review to identify, organize, and summarize research published between 2010 and 2023 that investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in the management of localized provoked vulvodynia.

The Interplay of Type 2 Diabetes Status, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level, and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: To evaluate the individual and joint effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Prevalent T2D was defined based on guideline recommendations, and CRF level was assessed using a respiratory gas-exchange analyzer during exercise testing at baseline, in 2308 men aged 42-61 years. T2D status was classified as either "Yes" or "No," and CRF level was classified as low, medium, or high.

Data-Driven Cutoff Selection for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Screening Tool.

Importance: Test accuracy studies often use small datasets to simultaneously select an optimal cutoff score that maximizes test accuracy and generate accuracy estimates.

Objective: To evaluate the degree to which using data-driven methods to simultaneously select an optimal Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) cutoff score and estimate accuracy yields (1) optimal cutoff scores that differ from the population-level optimal cutoff score and (2) biased accuracy estimates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study used cross-sectional data from an existing individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) database on PHQ-9 screening accuracy to represent a hypothetical population.