Immunotherapy for non-responders among patients of spinal tuberculosis.

Background: Combined chemo- and immunotherapy are the major advancement in the treatment of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy supposedly increases cure rate while reducing the duration of treatment and tissue damage. Non-responders are those patients of tuberculosis who do not respond to anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) in the desired manner despite the mycobacteria showing sensitivity to the given drugs.

True hamartoma of the tonsil.

An 18-year-old male patient presented with recurrent episodes of sore throat, fever, dysphagia, and foreign body sensation in throat of 3 years duration. An episode of acute tonsillitis was clinically documented and a polypoidal lesion was seen arising from the right tonsil. The patient underwent a tonsillectomy and the histopathological examination of the mass revealed it to be a true benign hamartoma of the tonsil.

Primary tuberculosis of nose with intracranial extension: a rare presentation.

Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem. This disease has varying presenting features. We here present a case of primary tuberculosis of the nose with intracranial extension, a very rare presenting feature of tuberculosis.

Tubercular cervical adenitis: clinicopathologic analysis of 180 cases.

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentations, laboratory investigation results, and histopathologic evaluation of tubercular cervical adenitis (TCA) in our population.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Tertiary health care centre.

Acute suppurative otitis media: an unusual cause of orbital apex syndrome.

We report the case of a 40-year-old female who presented to us with earache and a rapidly progressive painful ophthalmoplegia involving the right eye with right temporal swelling. A clinical and radiological assessment revealed it to be temporal cellulitis with orbital apex syndrome secondary to acute otitis media. In spite of prompt initiation of treatment, the patient died within 30 hr of presentation.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: a rare ovarian neoplasm. Case report and review of literature.

Background: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a gonadal tumor of the sex cord-stromal type. It is a rare tumor comprising 0.1 to 0.

Dupatta (scarf): a unique cause of cervical spine injury in females.

Introduction: Dupatta (scarf) is a part of the traditional dress for females in the Indian subcontinent. Working near machinery, riding a motorcycle or cyclerickshaw, can result in entanglement of dupatta in moving parts of machinery and subsequent cervical spine injury. It is seen most commonly in rural areas, with farmyard equipment.

Role of socioeconomic factors in deep neck abscess: A prospective study of 120 patients.

Objective: To assess the socioeconomic factors, presentation, aetiological factors, microbiology, and management of deep neck abscesses.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Tertiary health care centre.

Coexistent acute pyogenic and tubercular petrous apicitis: a diagnostic dilemma.

We report the case of a 16-year-old boy who presented to us with acute otitis media, facial weakness and retro-orbital pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the head and temporal bone revealed otitis media with petrous apicitis. The patient responded to broad-spectrum, parenteral antibiotics, with disappearance of facial weakness and reduction in pain.

Postinfection intravesical femoral head resulting in a vesicocutaneous fistula: A bizarre presentation and outcome.

Vesicocutaneous fistula can occur secondary to numerous factors. We present a case of 14-year-old girl who presented with a discharging sinus beside her labia majora with bony ankylosis of her left hip secondary to infection. Investigations revealed the femoral head protruding into the urinary bladder, resulting in a vesicocutaneous fistula.

Giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma) of the zygoma: an extremely unusual neoplasm.

We report an extremely rare case of a giant cell tumour of the zygomatic bone in a 36-year-old female. The tumour was excised with healthy margins. The patient is asymptomatic without any evidence of recurrence 14 months postoperatively.

Primary tuberculosis of the tongue: a rare nodular presentation.

We report a case of a 38-year-old male who presented to us with a nodular swelling of the tongue with cervical lymphadenopathy suggestive of a malignancy. The lesion was diagnosed to be of tuberculous origin and the patient responded well to anti-tubercular chemotherapy.

Primary parotid tuberculosis: varied clinical presentations.

Parotid gland tuberculosis is rare and may present in different clinical forms. We present three cases of tuberculosis of the parotid gland that presented to us with different clinico-pathological appearances. The cases were diagnosed on the basis of histopathological evaluation and fine needle aspiration cytology.

Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of zygoma.

Osteomyelitis of zygomatic bone is rare, and tuberculous osteomyelitis is even rarer. This is the case report of a 3-year-old child presenting with a discharging sinus and swelling on the zygoma, which was initially thought to be orbital cellulitis. After further examination, she was diagnosed as having tuberculosis of zygoma and responded to anti-tubercular chemotherapy.

Congenital stapes footplate fixation associated with duplication of lobule.

We report the case of an 18-year-old male patient who presented to us with unilateral conductive hearing loss with duplication of the lobule. An exploratory tympanotomy revealed stapes footplate fixation. A stapedotomy with insertion of a Teflon piston was performed with improvement in his hearing.

Carotid artery erosion in a 4-year child.

The carotid erosion occurs most commonly in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and is associated with high mortality. We report a case of carotid blow out in a 4-year-old child who presented with massive parapharyngeal space abscess. The common carotid artery (CCA) was ligated and child recovered without any neurological sequel.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a case report.

The Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is one of many extrahepatic manifestations of liver failure. It consists of a triad of liver dysfunction, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and hypoxemia. We present a case of post necrotic cirrhosis (HBV related) who developed exertional dyspnoea subsequent to the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

AIDS cholangiopathy as initial presentation of HIV infection.

AIDS related cholangiopathy is a known clinical entity, but most cases described in literature are known cases of HIV infection who have presented with pain abdomen. AIDS cholangiopathy as the initial presentation of HIV infection is very rare. Here we report such a case.