Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Transgenic Mice Carrying the Human rs35705950 Variant.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, often fatal lung disease characterized by tissue scarring and declining lung function. The promoter polymorphism rs35705950, a significant genetic predisposition for IPF, paradoxically associates with better survival and slower disease progression than other IPF genotypes. This study investigates the potential paradoxical protective effects of this variant in lung fibrosis.

Intrinsic impacts of the expression of PD-L1 on postoperative recurrence in -mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the intrinsic impacts of the expression of PD-L1 on postoperative recurrence and the prognosis in patients with ()-mutated lung adenocarcinomas.

Patients And Methods: Data from 221 surgically resected pathological stage IA-IIIA lung adenocarcinomas, collected between 2017 and 2019, were analyzed. This included measurements of mutations and the PD-L1 expression.

Factors associated with presbyphagia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Presbyphagia, an age-related decline in swallowing function, is considered a precursor stage of dysphagia and a risk state that can lead to aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. We examined factors associated with presbyphagia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 patients with CAP aged ≥65 years admitted to an acute care hospital between June 2021 and April 2024.

The Current Achievements of Multi-Gene Panel Tests in Clinical Settings for Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Some multi-gene panel tests have been implemented in clinical settings to guide targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. The current performance of multi-gene panel tests under the condition that the Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT) and Amoy Dx Pan Lung Cancer PCR panel (AmoyDx-multi) are available remains relatively unknown. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with NSCLC, whose FFPE samples were considered for genetic testing.

Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels at admission predicts exercise-induced hypoxemia before and after discharge in patients with COVID-19.

Background: There are no reports of exercise-induced hypoxemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, the predictive factors and prevalence of exercise-induced hypoxemia are unknown. This study investigated the incidence and predictive factors of exercise-induced hypoxemia before and after discharge in patients with COVID-19.

Impact of immune-related adverse events on survival outcomes in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become the standard of care in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Although immune-related adverse events have been reported to influence prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients, few studies have investigated the prognostic value of immune-related adverse events in small cell lung cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the prognosis of patients who developed immune-related adverse events after first-line treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor-based chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Development of acute hydrops in eye with infectious keratitis: A case report.

Purpose: To determine the characteristics of an eye that developed acute hydrops while being treated for infectious keratitis.

Observation: A 35-year-old man presented with pain and blurred vision in his left eye. He had undergone cataract surgery seven years earlier and was being treated for poorly controlled atopic dermatitis.

Physical Activity Using a Wearable Device as an Alternative to Performance Status in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Importance: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) is extensively used to guide treatment decisions in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, its assessment is subjective, potentially leading to discordance among observers.

Objective: To investigate the association between measured physical activity and ECOG PS, as well as the potential prognostic value of physical activity measurements in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Health Status Progression Measured Using Weekly Telemonitoring of COPD Assessment Test Scores Over 1 Year and Its Association With COPD Exacerbations.

Background: A previous longitudinal study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) score changes suggested patients fall into 3 patterns: stable, improving, and worsening. This study assessed the evolution of CAT scores over time and its relationship to exacerbations.

Methods: In total, 84 participants used a telemedicine platform to complete CAT weekly for 52 weeks.

Nintedanib plus Chemotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer with Comorbid Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

A fatal acute exacerbation (AE) occasionally develops during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with comorbid idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of carboplatin, etoposide, and nintedanib combination therapy for unresectable SCLC with comorbid IPF. The NEXT-SHIP study is a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial for unresectable SCLC with IPF (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials registry number jRCTs031190119).

Effectiveness and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Alone or in Combination With Chemotherapy in Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma.

Introduction: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer associated with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), alone or in combination with chemotherapy, were found to have clinical benefits in PSC in recent studies. Nevertheless, because these studies included a small number of patients owing to disease rarity, larger studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICI-based therapy for PSC.

A case of tracheal stenosis due to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated using the stent-in-stent method.

Tracheal AERO stent collapse is a rare complication compared to bronchial AERO stent collapse due to differences in the nitinol framework thickness. A 58-year-old man with a bulky anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was referred to our hospital due to exacerbation of tracheal stenosis despite the administration of lenvatinib. His tracheal stenosis exhibited a severe extrinsic compression pattern with a length of 8 cm.

Efficacy and safety of second-line therapy of docetaxel plus ramucirumab after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (SCORPION): a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been recognized as a standard first-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, no prospective clinical trials of docetaxel (DTX) plus ramucirumab (RAM) following first-line ICI plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been reported.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial, we enrolled patients with NSCLC from eight centres in Japan. Patients with metastatic NSCLC with disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICI were eligible for the study.

Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics Promoting PD-L1 Expression in Early-stage Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma represent the most prevalent subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer eligible for surgery in the early stages. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjuvant therapy has shown promising potential in improving the postoperative prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the clinicopathological and molecular features of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is crucial.