Survival benefit of HER2-targeted or androgen deprivation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma.

Background: The efficacy and safety of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for locally advanced or recurrent or metastatic (LA/RM) salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) have been reported in prospective studies. However, the survival benefit of these therapies to conventional therapy remains controversial, and whether HER2-targeted therapy or ADT should be chosen in HER2- and androgen receptor (AR)-positive SDC patients remains unknown.

Methods: Overall, 323 LA/RM SDC patients treated at seven institutions between August 1992 and June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled.

Effect of Reduced-Dose vs High-Dose Glucocorticoids Added to Rituximab on Remission Induction in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is the combination of high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide or rituximab. Although these regimens have high remission rates, they are associated with considerable adverse events presumably due to high-dose glucocorticoids.

Objective: To compare efficacy and adverse events between a reduced-dose glucocorticoid plus rituximab regimen and the standard high-dose glucocorticoid plus rituximab regimen in remission induction of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Risk of colonoscopic post-polypectomy bleeding in patients after the discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy.

Background/aims: Few studies have examined the incidence of post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) after discontinuation of antithrombotic therapies. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of PPB and thromboembolic events in patients whose antithrombotic agents were discontinued before colonoscopy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively selected all patients who underwent colon polypectomy at a community hospital.

Multicentre, retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for recurrent and metastatic salivary gland carcinoma.

Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective against various cancers, little is known regarding their role in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic SGC. In this multicentre retrospective study, nivolumab (240 mg) was administered every 2 weeks.

A simple method for sequencing the whole human mitochondrial genome directly from samples and its application to genetic testing.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a revolutionary sequencing technology for analyzing genomes. However, preprocessing methods for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing remain complex, and it is required to develop an authenticated preprocessing method. Here, we developed a simple and easy preprocessing method based on isothermal rolling circle mtDNA amplification using commercially available reagents.

Carboplatin and Docetaxel in Patients With Salivary Gland Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin/docetaxel combination therapy in patients with locally advanced and/or recurrent/metastatic (LA/RM) salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 24 patients that included six patients with AR-positive salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) after progressive disease treated with combined androgen blockade (CAB). Carboplatin (AUC5) and docetaxel (70 mg/m) were administered for six courses every three weeks.

Multicenter research of bleeding risk between prasugrel and clopidogrel in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Although it has been reported that prasugrel achieves stronger antiplatelet effect and fewer cardiovascular events compared to clopidogrel in Japanese patients, there are limited data comparing the safety between the 2 dose regimens. Data from 1031 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI at 5 institutions from May 2014 to April 2016, who received aspirin plus either clopidogrel (619 patients) or prasugrel (412 patients), were retrospectively analyzed. The choice of clopidogrel or prasugrel was left to the operator's discretion.

The predictive value of synovial glucose level in septic arthritis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the joint fluid glucose level to detect septic arthritis. Thirty joints in 30 patients with suspected septic arthritis were evaluated. When glucose level was less than 40 mg/dl, we performed arthrotomy.

Differences in durations, adverse events, and outcomes of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation between day-time and night-time: An observational cohort study.

Background: Although patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have a lower survival rate during night-time than during day-time, the cause of this difference remains unclear. We aimed to assess CPR parameters according to time period based on in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IHCPR) duration and the frequency of iatrogenic chest injuries among OHCA patients.

Methods: This two-centre observational cohort study evaluated non-traumatic OHCA patients who were transferred between 2013-2016.

Phase II Trial of Trastuzumab and Docetaxel in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Salivary Duct Carcinoma.

Purpose: Clinical evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of systemic therapy for advanced salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is lacking because of the disease's rarity. We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced and/or recurrent or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive SDC.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center, single-arm, open-label, phase II study in Japan.

Outcomes of patients receiving a massive transfusion for major trauma.

Background: The benefits of high transfusion ratios (plasma to red blood cells and platelets to red blood cells) on survival in injured patients who receive massive transfusions remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between transfusion ratios and adverse events and survival in patients undergoing massive transfusion for major trauma.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who had major trauma using a Japanese national administrative database.

Longterm Outcomes of 188 Japanese Patients with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Objective: Patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) frequently experience relapses, which lead to cumulative organ damage. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to reveal the risk factors for relapse in EGPA.

Methods: A total of 188 Japanese patients with EGPA diagnosed between 1996 and 2015 were identified from medical records in 10 hospitals.

Comparative effectiveness of elemental formula in the early enteral nutrition management of acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although enteral nutrition has become one of the standard therapies for patients with acute pancreatitis, the optimal formulae for enteral nutrition have been under debate. Elemental formula is assumed to be suitable in the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis because it has less stimulating effects for exocrine secretions of the pancreas, simultaneously maintaining gut immunity; however, clinical studies corroborating this assumption have been scarce.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese national administrative database between 2010 and 2015.

The impact of blood type O on mortality of severe trauma patients: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Recent studies have implicated the differences in the ABO blood system as a potential risk for various diseases, including hemostatic disorders and hemorrhage. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the difference in the ABO blood type on mortality in patients with severe trauma.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary emergency critical care medical centers in Japan.

Spinopelvic Alignment and Low Back Pain after Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Hip Osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Purpose: We examined change in lumbrosacral spine alignment and low back pain (LBP) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Overview Of Literature: Severe hip osteoarthritis has been reported to cause spine alignment abnormalities and low back pain, and it has been reported that low back pain is improved following THA.

Impact of continuous regional arterial infusion in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: analysis of a national administrative database.

Background: Although continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) of protease inhibitors and broad antibiotics has been suggested as one of the therapeutic option for patients with acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP), the effectiveness has not been well-corroborated in clinical studies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese national administrative database. Severe acute pancreatitis patients with a poorly enhanced pancreas region (i.

The Association between Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Out-of-Hospital Settings and Chest Injuries: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed in out-of-hospital settings for chest injuries in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in an emergency critical care medical center in Japan. Non-traumatic OHCA patients transferred to the hospital from April 2013 through August 2016 were analyzed.

Low-dose glucocorticoids plus rituximab versus high-dose glucocorticoids plus rituximab for remission induction in ANCA-associated vasculitis (LoVAS): protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a form of systemic vasculitis. The current standard induction therapy with the combination of high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide or rituximab has high remission rates of 80%-90%. However, it is also associated with various side effects, including death due to infection or cardiovascular disease.

A prospective phase II study of combined androgen blockade in patients with androgen receptor-positive metastatic or locally advanced unresectable salivary gland carcinoma.

Background: There is no standard first-line chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic (RM) or unresectable locally advanced (LA) salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).

Patients And Methods: We conducted a single institution, open-label, single arm, phase II trial of combined androgen blockade (CAB) for androgen receptor (AR)-positive SGC. Leuprorelin acetate was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 3.

Predictive ability and interobserver reliability of computed tomography findings for angioembolization in patients with pelvic fracture.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify computed tomography (CT) findings that predict the need for angioembolization in patients with pelvic fracture.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between April 2006 and October 2015 at two urban emergency medical centers in Japan. The study included patients who underwent CT within 3 hours of arrival and were diagnosed with a pelvic fracture.

[A Case of Advanced Gastric Cancer Responding to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil, Leading to a Pathological Complete Response].

We report a 72-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer with involvement of the esophagus and pancreas. She received 3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5- fluorouracil(the DCF regimen)and achieved an excellent response. She underwent total gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and D2 lymphadenectomy.

Prediction of respiratory collapse among pediatric patients with mediastinal tumors during induction of general anesthesia.

Purpose: Fatality resulting from respiratory collapse (RC) during general anesthesia (GA) induction in children with mediastinal tumors has been reported. We explored potentially useful parameters for predicting the risk of RC based on objective imaging results.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 31 patients (median age: 4years; range: 4months-15years) with mediastinal tumors treated between 2000 and 2015.

A comparison of splicing assays to detect an intronic variant of the OCRL gene in Lowe syndrome.

Lowe syndrome is an X-linked inherited disorder diagnosed by congenital cataracts, intellectual impairment, and renal tubular dysfunction. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe gene (OCRL), of which more than 250 have been reported so far. Around 30 of these variants are intronic nucleotide changes; however, to show the pathogenicity of these variants is usually laborious.