A modeling study to define guidelines for antigen screening in schools and workplaces to mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks.

Background: In-person interaction offers invaluable benefits to people. To guarantee safe in-person activities during a COVID-19 outbreak, effective identification of infectious individuals is essential. In this study, we aim to analyze the impact of screening with antigen tests in schools and workplaces on identifying COVID-19 infections.

Classification of 3-node restricted excitatory-inhibitory networks.

We classify connected 3-node restricted excitatory-inhibitory networks, extending our previous paper (Aguiar et al., 2024). We assume that there are two node-types and two arrow-types, excitatory and inhibitory; all excitatory arrows are identical and all inhibitory arrows are identical; and excitatory (resp.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dengue in Brazil: Interrupted time series analysis of changes in surveillance and transmission.

Measures to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 impacted not only COVID-19 dynamics, but also other infectious diseases, such as dengue in Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted not only transmission dynamics due to changes in mobility patterns, but also several aspects of surveillance, such as care seeking behavior and clinical capacity. However, we lack a clear understanding of the overall impact on dengue in different parts of Brazil and the contribution of individual causal drivers.

On the Converse of Pansu's Theorem.

We provide a suitable generalisation of Pansu's differentiability theorem to general Radon measures on Carnot groups and we show that if Lipschitz maps between Carnot groups are Pansu-differentiable almost everywhere for some Radon measures , then must be absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar measure of the group.

The impact of natural climate variability on the global distribution of Aedes aegypti: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: Aedes aegypti spread pathogens affecting humans, including dengue, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Anthropogenic climate change is altering the spatial distribution of Ae aegypti and therefore the locations at risk of vector-borne disease. In addition to climate change, natural climate variability, resulting from internal atmospheric processes and interactions between climate system components (eg, atmosphere-land and atmosphere-ocean interactions), determines climate outcomes.

Ovarian follicular flushing as a means of increasing oocyte yield and embryo production in cattle.

Context The number of developmentally competent cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved during Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) determines success in both bovine and human assisted reproduction. Follicular flushing for COC retrieval is practicsed widely in humans but not in cattle. Aims To determine the benefits of follicular flushing in cattle and assess the merits of a novel 16G double-lumen needle ('OxIVF') that flushes laterally to the needle shaft.

The time between symptom onset and various clinical outcomes: a statistical analysis of MERS-CoV patients in Saudi Arabia.

In this study, we investigate the impact of demographic characteristics on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases in Saudi Arabia, specifically focusing on the time intervals between symptom onset and key events such as hospitalization, case confirmation, reporting and death. We estimate these intervals using data from 2196 cases occurring between June 2012 and January 2020, partitioning the data into four age groups (0-24 years, 25-49 years, 50-74 years and 75-100 years). The duration from symptom onset to hospitalization varies between age cohorts, ranging from 4.

Defining myocardial fiber bundle architecture in atrial digital twins.

A key component in developing atrial digital twins (ADT) - virtual representations of patients' atria - is the accurate prescription of myocardial fibers which are essential for the tissue characterization. Due to the difficulty of reconstructing atrial fibers from medical imaging, a widely used strategy for fiber generation in ADT relies on mathematical models. Existing methodologies utilze semi-automatic approaches, are tailored to specific morphologies, and lack rigorous validation against imaging fiber data.

Awake surgery with mapping-based resection to treat focal epilepsy in eloquent brain areas.

Objectives: Resective surgery is a potential therapeutic option for select patients with intractable focal epilepsy. However, the presence of ictal onset zones within or surrounding highly functional brain areas presents a surgical challenge, leading to poor seizure and functional outcomes. This report describes our experiences with awake mapping-tailored resection of epileptogenic areas involving eloquent cortices and evaluates their feasibility, tolerance, limitations, and significance.

Nonrelativistic Holography from AdS_{5}/CFT_{4}.

We show that a novel holographic correspondence appears after taking a suitable stringy nonrelativistic limit of the AdS_{5}/CFT_{4} duality. This correspondence relates string theory in string Newton-Cartan AdS_{5}×S^{5} with Galilean electrodynamics with five scalars defined on the Penrose conformal boundary. As a first test, we match the Killing vectors on the string theory side with the on-shell symmetries of the dual field theory.

Development and assessment of a machine learning tool for predicting emergency admission in Scotland.

Emergency admissions (EA), where a patient requires urgent in-hospital care, are a major challenge for healthcare systems. The development of risk prediction models can partly alleviate this problem by supporting primary care interventions and public health planning. Here, we introduce SPARRAv4, a predictive score for EA risk that will be deployed nationwide in Scotland.

Improvements on speed, stability and field of view in adaptive optics OCT for anterior retinal imaging using a pyramid wavefront sensor.

We present improvements on the adaptive optics (AO) correction method using a pyramid wavefront sensor (P-WFS) and introduce a novel approach for closed-loop focus shifting in retinal imaging. The method's efficacy is validated through adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) imaging in both, healthy individuals and patients with diabetic retinopathy. In both study groups, a stable focusing on the anterior retinal layers is achieved.

Bi-Lipschitz embeddings of the space of unordered -tuples with a partial transportation metric.

Let be non-empty, open and proper. This paper is concerned with , the space of -integrable Borel measures on equipped with the transportation metric introduced by Figalli and Gigli that allows the creation and destruction of mass on . Alternatively, we show that is isometric to a subset of Borel measures with the ordinary Wasserstein distance, on the one point completion of equipped with the shortcut metric In this article we construct bi-Lipschitz embeddings of the set of unordered -tuples in into Hilbert space.

A retrospective assessment of forecasting the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 wave in England.

We discuss the invasion of the Omicron BA.1 variant into England as a paradigm for real-time model fitting and projection. Here we use a mixture of simple SIR-type models, analysis of the early data and a more complex age-structure model fit to the outbreak to understand the dynamics.

Delayed loss of stability of periodic travelling waves: Insights from the analysis of essential spectra.

Periodic travelling waves (PTW) are a common solution type of partial differential equations. Such models exhibit multistability of PTWs, typically visualised through the Busse balloon, and parameter changes typically lead to a cascade of wavelength changes through the Busse balloon. In the past, the stability boundaries of the Busse balloon have been used to predict such wavelength changes.

Exact Calculation of the Probabilities of Rare Events in Cluster-Cluster Aggregation.

We develop an action formalism to calculate probabilities of rare events in cluster-cluster aggregation for arbitrary collision kernels and establish a pathwise large deviation principle with total mass being the rate. As an application, the rate function for the number of surviving particles as well as the optimal evolution trajectory are calculated exactly for the constant, sum, and product kernels. For the product kernel, we argue that the second derivative of the rate function has a discontinuity.

High fidelity adaptive mirror simulations with reduced order models.

In the design process of large adaptive mirrors numerical simulations represent the first step to evaluate the system design compliance in terms of performance, stability and robustness. For the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes increased system dimensions and bandwidths lead to the need of modeling not only the deformable mirror alone, but also all the system supporting structure or even the full telescope. The capability to perform the simulations with an acceptable amount of time and computational resources is highly dependent on finding appropriate methods to reduce the size of the resulting dynamic models.

Modelling the Influence of Climate and Vector Control Interventions on Arbovirus Transmission.

Most mathematical models that assess the vectorial capacity of disease-transmitting insects typically focus on the influence of climatic factors to predict variations across different times and locations, or examine the impact of vector control interventions to forecast their potential effectiveness. We combine features of existing models to develop a novel model for vectorial capacity that considers both climate and vector control. This model considers how vector control tools affect vectors at each stage of their feeding cycle, and incorporates host availability and preference.

Uncertainty quantification in atomistic simulations of silicon using interatomic potentials.

Atomistic simulations often rely on interatomic potentials to access greater time and length scales than those accessible to first-principles methods, such as density functional theory. However, since a parameterized potential typically cannot reproduce the true potential energy surface of a given system, we should expect a decrease in accuracy and increase in error in quantities of interest calculated from these simulations. Quantifying the uncertainty on the outputs of atomistic simulations is thus an important, necessary step so that there is confidence in the results and available metrics to explore improvements in said simulations.

Dynamics and bifurcations in genetic circuits with fibration symmetries.

Circuit building blocks of gene regulatory networks (GRN) have been identified through the fibration symmetries of the underlying biological graph. Here, we analyse analytically six of these circuits that occur as functional and synchronous building blocks in these networks. Of these, the lock-on, toggle switch, Smolen oscillator, feed-forward fibre and Fibonacci fibre circuits occur in living organisms, notably ; the sixth, the repressilator, is a synthetic GRN.