MarkerMap: nonlinear marker selection for single-cell studies.

Single-cell RNA-seq data allow the quantification of cell type differences across a growing set of biological contexts. However, pinpointing a small subset of genomic features explaining this variability can be ill-defined and computationally intractable. Here we introduce MarkerMap, a generative model for selecting minimal gene sets which are maximally informative of cell type origin and enable whole transcriptome reconstruction.

Predicting Cued and Oddball Visual Search Performance from fMRI, MEG, and DNN Neural Representational Similarity.

Capacity limitations in visual tasks can be observed when the number of task-related objects increases. An influential idea is that such capacity limitations are determined by competition at the neural level: two objects that are encoded by shared neural populations interfere more in behavior (e.g.

Category-based attention facilitates memory search.

We often need to decide whether the object we look at is also the object we look for. When we look for one specific object, this process can be facilitated by feature-based attention. However, when we look for many objects at the same time (e.

Berezin Quantization, Conformal Welding and the Bott-Virasoro Group.

Following Nag-Sullivan, we study the representation of the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle on the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions. Conformal welding provides triangular decompositions for the corresponding symplectic transformations. We apply Berezin formalism and lift this decomposition to operators acting on the Fock space.

Continuous PEGasparaginase Dosing Reduces Hypersensitivity Reactions in Pediatric ALL: A Dutch Childhood Oncology Group ALL11 Randomized Trial.

Purpose: The primary objective of this randomized study was to determine whether a continuous dosing schedule (without the asparaginase-free interval) would result in less hypersensitivity reactions to PEGasparaginase (PEGasp) compared with the standard noncontinuous dosing schedule.

Methods: Eight hundred eighteen patients (age 1-18 years) with ALL were enrolled in the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group-ALL11 protocol and received PEGasp. Three hundred twelve patients stratified in the medium-risk arm were randomly assigned to receive 14 individualized PEGasp doses once every two weeks in either a noncontinuous or continuous schedule after the first three doses in induction (EudraCT: 2012-000067-25).

The shapes of elongating gastruloids are consistent with convergent extension driven by a combination of active cell crawling and differential adhesion.

Gastruloids have emerged as highly useful in vitro models of mammalian gastrulation. One of the most striking features of 3D gastruloids is their elongation, which mimics the extension of the embryonic anterior-posterior axis. Although axis extension is crucial for development, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated in mammalian species.

A mathematical model for malaria disease dynamics with vaccination and infected immigrants.

The world is aiming to eliminate malaria by 2030. The introduction of the pilot project on malaria vaccination for children in Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi presents a significant thrust to the elimination efforts. In this work, a susceptible, infectious and recovered (SIR) human-vector interaction mathematical model for malaria was formulated.

Examination-Level Supervision for Deep Learning-based Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection on Head CT Scans.

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of weak supervision (ie, with examination-level labels only) and strong supervision (ie, with image-level labels) in training deep learning models for detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on head CT scans. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, an attention-based convolutional neural network was trained with either local (ie, image level) or global (ie, examination level) binary labels on the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 2019 Brain CT Hemorrhage Challenge dataset of 21 736 examinations (8876 [40.8%] ICH) and 752 422 images (107 784 [14.

Competitive heavy metal adsorption on pinecone shells: Mathematical modelling of fixed-bed column and surface interaction insights.

Pinecone shells are assessed as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of metal ions Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Cr(VI) in a fixed-bed column. Influent concentration, bed height, and flowrate are studied to improve efficiency. The breakthrough data is well fitted by the Sips adsorption model, suggesting a surface complexation mechanism, with maximum adsorption capacities of 11.

Invasiveness of decompression surgery affects modeled lumbar spine kinetics in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.

The surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with accompanying spinal stenosis focuses mainly on decompression of the spinal canal with or without additional fusion by means of a dorsal spondylodesis. Currently, one main decision criterion for additional fusion is the presence of instability in flexion and extension X-rays. In cases of mild and stable spondylolisthesis, the optimal treatment remains a subject of ongoing debate.

Simultaneous multi-transient linear-combination modeling of MRS data improves uncertainty estimation.

Purpose: The interest in applying and modeling dynamic MRS has recently grown. 2D modeling yields advantages for the precision of metabolite estimation in interrelated MRS data. However, it is unknown whether including all transients simultaneously in a 2D model without averaging (presuming a stable signal) performs similarly to 1D modeling of the averaged spectrum.

Turing Instabilities are Not Enough to Ensure Pattern Formation.

Symmetry-breaking instabilities play an important role in understanding the mechanisms underlying the diversity of patterns observed in nature, such as in Turing's reaction-diffusion theory, which connects cellular signalling and transport with the development of growth and form. Extensive literature focuses on the linear stability analysis of homogeneous equilibria in these systems, culminating in a set of conditions for transport-driven instabilities that are commonly presumed to initiate self-organisation. We demonstrate that a selection of simple, canonical transport models with only mild multistable non-linearities can satisfy the Turing instability conditions while also robustly exhibiting only transient patterns.

Subtle variation in sepsis-III definitions markedly influences predictive performance within and across methods.

Early detection of sepsis is key to ensure timely clinical intervention. Since very few end-to-end pipelines are publicly available, fair comparisons between methodologies are difficult if not impossible. Progress is further limited by discrepancies in the reconstruction of sepsis onset time.

Vaccination Training for Pharmacy Undergraduates as a Compulsory Part of the Curriculum?-A Multicentric Observation.

In order to increase vaccination rates, the Government of Germany introduced vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 into the regular care administered by pharmacists. However, vaccination training is yet not integrated into the German pharmacy curriculum. Therefore, the Institute for Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy in Duesseldorf had developed an innovative vaccination course using high-fidelity simulation for students.

Control of the von Neumann Entropy for an Open Two-Qubit System Using Coherent and Incoherent Drives.

This article is devoted to developing an approach for manipulating the von Neumann entropy S(ρ(t)) of an open two-qubit system with coherent control and incoherent control inducing time-dependent decoherence rates. The following goals are considered: (a) minimizing or maximizing the final entropy S(ρ(T)); (b) steering S(ρ(T)) to a given target value; (c) steering S(ρ(T)) to a target value and satisfying the pointwise state constraint S(ρ(t))≤S¯ for a given S¯; (d) keeping S(ρ(t)) constant at a given time interval. Under the Markovian dynamics determined by a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad type master equation, which contains coherent and incoherent controls, one- and two-step gradient projection methods and genetic algorithm have been adapted, taking into account the specifics of the objective functionals.

Superoperator Master Equations and Effective Dynamics.

We developed the projection method to derive an analog of the quantum master equation for propagators rather than density matrices themselves. As these propagators are superoperators, we call them superoperator master equations. Furthermore, as the projector maps superoperators to superoperators, we call it a hyperprojector.

Predicting Radiotherapy Patient Outcomes with Real-Time Clinical Data Using Mathematical Modelling.

Longitudinal tumour volume data from head-and-neck cancer patients show that tumours of comparable pre-treatment size and stage may respond very differently to the same radiotherapy fractionation protocol. Mathematical models are often proposed to predict treatment outcome in this context, and have the potential to guide clinical decision-making and inform personalised fractionation protocols. Hindering effective use of models in this context is the sparsity of clinical measurements juxtaposed with the model complexity required to produce the full range of possible patient responses.

A mathematical, classical stratification modeling approach to disentangling the impact of weather on infectious diseases: A case study using spatio-temporally disaggregated Campylobacter surveillance data for England and Wales.

Disentangling the impact of the weather on transmission of infectious diseases is crucial for health protection, preparedness and prevention. Because weather factors are co-incidental and partly correlated, we have used geography to separate out the impact of individual weather parameters on other seasonal variables using campylobacteriosis as a case study. Campylobacter infections are found worldwide and are the most common bacterial food-borne disease in developed countries, where they exhibit consistent but country specific seasonality.

Conformal methods in mathematical cosmology.

When he first introduced the notion of a conformal boundary into the study of asymptotically empty space-times, Penrose noted that the boundary would be null, space-like or time-like according as the cosmological constant [Formula: see text] was zero, positive or negative. While most applications of the idea of a conformal boundary have been to the zero-[Formula: see text], asymptotically Minkowskian case, there also has been work on the non-zero cases. Here, we review work with a positive [Formula: see text], which is the appropriate case for cosmology of the universe in which we live.

From conformal infinity to equations of motion: conserved quantities in general relativity.

This paper describes conservation laws in general relativity (GR) dating back to the mass-energy conservation of Bondi and Sachs in the early 1960s but using 2-spinor techniques. The notion of conformal infinity is employed, and the highly original ideas of E. T.