Patterning of nonlocal transport models in biology: The impact of spatial dimension.

Throughout developmental biology and ecology, transport can be driven by nonlocal interactions. Examples include cells that migrate based on contact with pseudopodia extended from other cells, and animals that move based on their awareness of other animals. Nonlocal integro-PDE models have been used to investigate contact attraction and repulsion in cell populations in 1D.

Shared decision making in primary malignant bone tumour surgery around the knee in children and young adults: protocol for a prospective study.

Background: Children and young adults needing surgery for a primary malignant bone tumour around the knee face a difficult, life-changing decision. A previous study showed that this population wants to be involved more in the decision-making process and that more involvement leads to less decisional stress and regret. Therefore, a well-designed and standardized decision-making process based on the principles of shared decision-making needs to be designed, implemented, and evaluated.

Categorical Landau Paradigm for Gapped Phases.

We propose a unified framework to classify gapped infrared phases with categorical symmetries, leading to a generalized, categorical Landau paradigm. This is applicable in any dimension and gives a succinct, comprehensive, and computationally powerful approach to classifying gapped symmetric phases. The key tool is the symmetry topological field theory, which is a one dimension higher topological field theory with two boundaries that we choose to be topological.

The Importance of Patient Systemic Health Status in High-Grade Chondrosarcoma Prognosis: A National Multicenter Study.

Due to the relatively advanced age and high mortality rate of patients with high-grade chondrosarcoma (CS), it is important to holistically assess patient- and tumor characteristics in multidisciplinary team and shared decision-making with regard to treatment options. While current prognostic models include multiple tumor and treatment characteristics, the only patient characteristics that are commonly included are age and gender. Based on clinical experience, we believe that factors related to patient preoperative systemic health status such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score may be equally important prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).

Comparison of ANN and XGBoost surrogate models trained on small numbers of building energy simulations.

Surrogate optimisation holds a big promise for building energy optimisation studies due to its goal to replace the use of lengthy building energy simulations within an optimisation step with expendable local surrogate models that can quickly predict simulation results. To be useful for such purpose, it should be possible to quickly train precise surrogate models from a small number of simulation results (10-100) obtained from appropriately sampled points in the desired part of the design space. Two sampling methods and two machine learning models are compared here.

Convolution identities for divisor sums and modular forms.

We consider certain convolution sums that are the subject of a conjecture by Chester, Green, Pufu, Wang, and Wen in string theory. We prove a generalized form of their conjecture, explicitly evaluating absolutely convergent sums [Formula: see text]where [Formula: see text] is a Laurent polynomial with logarithms. Contrary to original expectations, such convolution sums, suitably extended to [Formula: see text], do not vanish, but instead, they carry number theoretic meaning in the form of Fourier coefficients of holomorphic cusp forms.

Taste and smell are associated with dietary intake, eating behavior, nutritional status, and health-related quality of life in children with cancer.

Background & Aims: Smell and taste changes are frequently reported bothersome treatment symptoms during treatment for childhood cancer and assumed to influence outcomes such as food intake. Since nutritional status of children with cancer is already vulnerable, any detrimental effects on food intake should be prevented. Therefore, understanding the exact relationship between chemosensory changes and dietary intake, eating behavior, and other domains such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), is important for improving outcomes.

A Particle Method for the Multispecies Landau Equation.

The multispecies Landau collision operator describes the two-particle, small scattering angle or grazing collisions in a plasma made up of different species of particles such as electrons and ions. Recently, a structure preserving deterministic particle method (Carrillo et al. in J.

Translation regulation by RNA stem-loops can reduce gene expression noise.

Background: Stochastic modelling plays a crucial role in comprehending the dynamics of intracellular events in various biochemical systems, including gene-expression models. Cell-to-cell variability arises from the stochasticity or noise in the levels of gene products such as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. The sources of noise can stem from different factors, including structural elements.

Broken detailed balance and entropy production in directed networks.

The structure of a complex network plays a crucial role in determining its dynamical properties. In this paper , we show that the the degree to which a network is directed and hierarchically organized is closely associated with the degree to which its dynamics break detailed balance and produce entropy. We consider a range of dynamical processes and show how different directed network features affect their entropy production rate.

Localization of the Free Energy in Supergravity.

We derive a general formula for the gravitational free energy of Euclidean supersymmetric solutions to D=4, N=2 gauged supergravity coupled to vector multiplet matter. This allows one to compute the free energy without solving any supergravity equations, just assuming the solutions exist. As well as recovering some known results in the literature with ease, we also present new supergravity results that match with holographically dual field theory computations.

Two-stage group-sequential designs with delayed responses - what is the point of applying corresponding methods?

Background: In group-sequential designs, it is typically assumed that there is no time gap between patient enrollment and outcome measurement in clinical trials. However, in practice, there is usually a lag between the two time points. This can affect the statistical analysis of the data, especially in trials with interim analyses.

A First-Passage Model of Intravitreal Drug Delivery and Residence Time-Influence of Ocular Geometry, Individual Variability, and Injection Location.

Purpose: Standard of care for various retinal diseases involves recurrent intravitreal injections. This motivates mathematical modeling efforts to identify influential factors for ocular drug residence time, aiming to minimize administration frequency. We sought to describe the vitreal diffusion of therapeutics in nonclinical species frequently used during drug development assessments.

Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis by Immunological Features Using Machine Learning.

Despite the achievements of modern medicine, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The difficulties in differential diagnosis have particular relevance in the case of suspicion of tuberculosis with other granulomatous diseases. The most similar clinical and radiologic changes are sarcoidosis.

Bifurcations in planar, quadratic mass-action networks with few reactions and low molecularity.

In this paper we study bifurcations in mass-action networks with two chemical species and reactant complexes of molecularity no more than two. We refer to these as planar, quadratic networks as they give rise to (at most) quadratic differential equations on the nonnegative quadrant of the plane. Our aim is to study bifurcations in networks in this class with the fewest possible reactions, and the lowest possible product molecularity.

Agrarian and -Betti numbers of locally indicable groups, with a twist.

We prove that twisted -Betti numbers of locally indicable groups are equal to the usual -Betti numbers rescaled by the dimension of the twisting representation; this answers a question of Lück for this class of groups. It also leads to two formulae: given a fibration with base space having locally indicable fundamental group, and with a simply-connected fiber , the first formula bounds -Betti numbers of in terms of -Betti numbers of and usual Betti numbers of ; the second formula computes exactly in terms of the same data, provided that is a high-dimensional sphere. We also present an inequality between twisted Alexander and Thurston norms for free-by-cyclic groups and 3-manifolds.

Utilising an in silico model to predict outcomes in senescence-driven acute liver injury.

Currently liver transplantation is the only treatment option for liver disease, but organ availability cannot meet patient demand. Alternative regenerative therapies, including cell transplantation, aim to modulate the injured microenvironment from inflammation and scarring towards regeneration. The complexity of the liver injury response makes it challenging to identify suitable therapeutic targets when relying on experimental approaches alone.

On the profinite rigidity of free and surface groups.

Let be either a free group or the fundamental group of a closed hyperbolic surface. We show that if is a finitely generated residually- group with the same pro- completion as , then two-generated subgroups of are free. This generalises (and gives a new proof of) the analogous result of Baumslag for parafree groups.

Correction: Morzhin, O.V.; Pechen, A.N. Control of the von Neumann Entropy for an Open Two-Qubit System Using Coherent and Incoherent Drives. 2024, , 36.

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Beyond Neyman-Pearson: E-values enable hypothesis testing with a data-driven alpha.

A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the -value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With -values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation (e.