Unique Pharmacological Properties and Safety Profiles of Loop Diuretics.

Loop diuretics are regarded as essential for the treatment of edematous conditions in heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease. The principal mechanism of action involves inhibiting the reabsorption of ions (Na+, 2Cl-, and K+) from the ascending loop of Henle. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) features of the commonly used diuretics (torsemide, furosemide, and bumetanide) influence the selection of diuretics in various disease states and dosing regimens.

A Pregnancy and Postnatal RCT Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Overweight/Obesity: The PAIGE2 Study.

Objective: This study examined the influence of a pregnancy and postnatal multicomponent lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight/obesity from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal. The primary outcome was weight at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

NCCP-ICS joint consensus-based clinical practice guidelines on medical thoracoscopy.

Medical Thoracoscopy (MT) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based information regarding all aspects of MT, both as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic aid for pulmonologists across India. The consensus-based guidelines were formulated based on a multistep process using a set of 31 questions.

Getting a "SMART START" to gestational diabetes mellitus education: a mixed-methods pilot evaluation of a knowledge translation tool in primary care.

Background: South Asian people living in Canada face higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to national trends. The objective of this study was to design and pilot test a knowledge translation (KT) tool to support GDM prevention counselling in primary care.

Methods: This study is a mixed-methods pilot evaluation of the "SMART START" KT tool involving 2 family physicians in separate practices and 20 pregnant South Asians in Ontario, Canada.

Mothers' experiences of a lifestyle intervention for weight reduction 12 months after gestational diabetes mellitus: Qualitative findings from the PAIGE2 study.

The standardised pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) globally is approximately 14 %, a reflection of increasing rates of obesity in women of childbearing age. Lifestyle interventions to reduce GDM and subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been deemed a research priority but are challenging to perform and have variable success rates. The PAIGE2 study was a pragmatic lifestyle randomised controlled trial for women with GDM and body mass index ≥25 kg/m, which began during pregnancy and continued for one year postnatally.

Improving blood product management in placenta accreta patients with severe bleeding: institutional experience.

Background: Placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) is a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage and effective blood product management is critical in ensuring patient safety. In PAS patients undergoing cesarean section (CS) blood transfusion management guided by the combined clinical experience of the anesthesiologist and surgeon with point-of-care coagulation testing appears safe and effective. We describe and evaluate our experience and identify potential areas for improvement with blood product management in this patient population.

A pragmatic lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (PAIGE2): A parallel arm, multicenter randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Background: The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has been translated into pregnancy, with approximately 18% of women being diagnosed worldwide with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Whilst preventive strategies have proven effective in the non-pregnant context, attrition rates are high and there is an urgent need to develop a customized, pragmatic lifestyle intervention for women both during and after pregnancy. Diet and exercise modification, behavioral support, and Commercial Weight Management Organizations have been strongly recommended to aid postpartum weight reduction for mothers with previous GDM, subsequently reducing their risk of developing obesity and T2D.

Placenta autophagy is closely associated with preeclampsia.

The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is complex and placental internal homeostasis is regulated by cellular autophagy. However, there are fewer studies related to the role of placental autophagy in the pathogenesis of PE. The GSE75010 and GSE10588 datasets were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database.

Anemia in Pregnancy: A knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey Amongst Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in India.

Background: Anemia continues to affect one-third of the global population and is one of the most common reasons for large-scale morbidity and mortality especially among women. The importance of iron-rich diet has always been the backbone of preventing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in vulnerable age groups followed by oral iron therapy and parenteral iron therapy as the next options in management of iron deficiency.

Objective: Objective of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of obstetricians and gynaecologists relevant to anemia in pregnancy and identify the practice gaps in management of anemia in pregnancy.

Regulation, genomics, and clinical characteristics of cuproptosis regulators in pan-cancer.

Background: Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent controlled cell death, is a novel form of cell death that differs from known cell death mechanisms; however, its overall regulation in cancer remains elusive.

Methods: Multiple open-source bioinformatic platforms were used to comprehensively elucidate the expression levels, prognostic efficiency, potential biological functions, genomic and epigenetic characteristics, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of cuproptosis regulators (ATP7A, ATP7B, DLAT, DLD, FDX1, GLS, LIAS, LIPT1, MTF1, NLRP3, PDHA1, PDHB, and SLC31A1) in pan-cancer.

Results: Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were upregulated in most cancers tested.

Effects of a mHealth voice messaging intervention on antenatal care utilisation at primary care level in Lagos, Nigeria: a cluster randomised trial.

Background: Nigeria has one of the lowest antenatal care (ANC) utilization rates compared to other low- and middle-income nations. In order to ensure a , the World Health Organization recommends at least eight ANC visits during pregnancy. This study intends to examine the impact of a mobile phone-based voice message intervention on ANC use in Lagos, Nigeria.

Effect of standardized root extract of ashwagandha () on well-being and sexual performance in adult males: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aim: In Ayurveda, ashwagandha is a popular plant for promoting youthful energy, longevity, and overall well-being. It is also an excellent aphrodisiac herb that aids in the improvement and maintenance of normal sexual health. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha root extract on improving sexual health in adult males.

Identification of pyroptosis-related signature for cervical cancer predicting prognosis.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies encountered in gynecology practice. However, there is a paucity of information about specific biomarkers that assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of CC. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death whose different elements are related to the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of tumors.

Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis.

Objective: Accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) enables clinical interventions/cardiometabolic risk factor management. Diagnosis can take over 2 years and multiple clinician contacts. We examined patterns of PCOS-associated biochemical investigations following initial consultation prior to pelvic ultrasound scan (USS).

"Old wine in a new bottle" - post COVID-19 infection, central serous chorioretinopathy and the steroids.

Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic can cause myriad of ocular manifestations. We report a case of unilateral multi focal central serous retinopathy, post COVID-19 infection in an Asian Indian female.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female presented to us with unilateral blurring, in the right eye (OD), 12 days after COVID-19 infection.

The effect of COVID-19 on maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) services in Bangladesh, Nigeria and South Africa: call for a contextualised pandemic response in LMICs.

Global response to COVID-19 pandemic has inadvertently undermined the achievement of existing public health priorities and laregely overlooked local context. Recent evidence suggests that this will cause additional maternal and childhood mortality and morbidity especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here we have explored the contextual factors influencing maternal, neonatal and children health (MNCH) care in Bangladesh, Nigeria and South Africa amidst the pandemic.

Prenatal Care Outcomes in Women with Substance Use Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study sought to examine and compare the characteristics and prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes of women with and without substance use disorder (SUD). It also examined whether there were differences in prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes within the population of substance-using women based on the stability of their SUD during pregnancy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved pregnant women with and without SUD who accessed care through the Maternity Centre of Hamilton between 2015 and 2017.

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of People Receiving Inadequate Prenatal Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study sought to describe the incidence inadequate prenatal care (IPNC) at an urban level II hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, and to compare the characteristics and outcomes of mothers who received IPNC and their newborns with those who received adequate prenatal care (APNC). This study is the first part of a mixed-methods research program aimed at informing the development of an interdisciplinary, patient-centred, prenatal care program for people who struggle to access conventional modes of care.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared mothers and neonates born at St.

Efficacy and Safety of Levocloperastine in the Treatment of Dry Cough: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose/aim: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of Levocloperastine in the treatment of dry cough in adult Indian patients.

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, patients aged 18-60 years, presenting with dry cough and prescribed with Levocloperastine at baseline or a day prior to enrolment, as per standard clinical practice, were recruited from 3 centers in India. The scores of cough severity (100 mm VAS), cough frequency since last 24 h (7-point Likert scale), sleep disruption due to night-time awakenings (10 cm VAS), quality of life (QoL) (Leicester Cough Questionnaire [LCQ]), and number of days for achieving minimal important difference (MID) in cough severity (17 mm improvement on VAS) were assessed from baseline to Day 14.

New insight into glycation levels and pelvic organ prolapse - A combination of clinical and biochemical studies.

Objectives: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial disease with ageing as a most notable risk factor. Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), biochemical markers of ageing are increased in prolapsed tissues. It is however unclear if AGEs are a cause or outcome of prolapse.

The CRADLE vital signs alert: qualitative evaluation of a novel device designed for use in pregnancy by healthcare workers in low-resource settings.

Background: Vital signs measurement can identify pregnant and postpartum women who require urgent treatment or referral. In low-resource settings, healthcare workers have limited access to accurate vital signs measuring devices suitable for their environment and training. The CRADLE Vital Signs Alert (VSA) is a novel device measuring blood pressure and pulse that is accurate in pregnancy and designed for low-resource settings.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. We examined the specific tests that are done in primary care to lead to the diagnosis of PCOS, and to support the diagnosis once made.

Methods: One thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven women were identified from a pooled GP practice database.

Early warning system hypertension thresholds to predict adverse outcomes in pre-eclampsia: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between blood pressure (BP) measurements and adverse outcomes in women with pre-eclampsia.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study of women with pre-eclampsia admitted to three South African tertiary facilities. BP was measured using the CRADLE Vital Signs Alert (VSA), incorporated with a traffic light early warning system; green: systolic BP <140 mmHg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg, yellow: systolic BP 140-159 and/or diastolic BP 90-109 mmHg (but neither is above the upper threshold), red: systolic BP ≥160 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg.