Paliperidone, a relatively novel atypical antipsychotic drug, is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein.

Paliperidone (PAL) is a relatively novel atypical antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia that induces markedly varying responses. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a recently discovered member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily that has been used to control drug absorption, distribution and elimination, and especially to impede drug entry into the brain. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the possibility of using PAL as a BCRP substrate.

Epidemiology and major subtypes of congenital heart defects in Hunan Province, China.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects (BDs) and account for nearly one-third of all BDs. The aim of this article was to investigate the epidemiology and major subtypes of CHDs in Hunan Province, China in the last 5 years.CHD surveillance data from 2012 to 2016 were collected from 52 registered hospitals in Hunan.

XRCC2 mutation causes meiotic arrest, azoospermia and infertility.

Background: Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) plays an essential role in gametogenesis. In most eukaryotes, meiotic HR is mediated by two recombinase systems: ubiquitous RAD51 and meiosis-specific DMC1. In the RAD51-mediated HR system, RAD51 and five RAD51 paralogues are essential for normal RAD51 function, but the role of RAD51 in human meiosis is unclear.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00152 promotes cell proliferation through competitively binding endogenous miR-125b with MCL-1 by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in ovarian cancer.

Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the key function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological activity. Abnormal lncRNA expression was found to relate to the development and pathogenesis of multiple cancers. LncRNA LINC00152 served as an oncogene in multiple cancers; however, its role in ovarian cancer remains unknown.

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome patients.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), an X-linked recessive genetic disorder of sex development, is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, and is characterized by partial or complete inability of specific tissues to respond to androgens in individuals with the 46,XY karyotype. This study aimed to investigate AR gene mutations and to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations. Ten patients from unrelated families, aged 2-31 years, were recruited in the study.

Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Urine Metabolomics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, and it's diagnosis is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of PCOS patients by analyzing urine samples and identify useful biomarkers for diagnosis of PCOS.

Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province from December 2014 to July 2016.

DFMG reverses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by co-culture with injured vascular endothelial cells via suppression of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.

7-Difluoromethoxy-5,4'-dimethoxy-genistein (DFMG) is a novel chemical compound synthesized using genistein. Previous studies have indicated that DFMG can reverse the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) by regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the activity and molecular mechanism underlying DFMG‑mediated protection of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) using a non‑contact co‑culture model established by using Transwell insert.

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency with c.199-10 T>G and novel c.1A>G mutation: Two case reports and brief literature review.

Rationale: Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocate deficiency (CACTD) is a rare and life-threatening, autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid β-oxidation characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, cardiomyopathy, liver dysfunction, and muscle weakness; culminating in early death. To date, CACTD cases screened from the Chinese mainland population, especially patient with compound heterozygote with c.199-10T>G and a novel c.

p38MAPK family isoform p38α and activating transcription factor 2 are associated with the malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis of patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma.

This study was to identify the biomarkers for the malignancy and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. The protein expression of p38MAPK family isoform p38α (p38α) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) was measured in 120 ovarian serous adenocarcinomas and 34 normal fallopian tubes using immunohistochemistry. Stable OV-90 cells expressing p38α and ATF2 inhibitor were established using shRNA lentivirus.

Systemic LPS resulted in a transient hippocampus malfunction but a prolonged corpus callosum injury.

Background: To investigate the effect of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on function of hippocampus and corpus callosum (CC) in adult rats.

Methods: Adult rats with mature white matter tract were divided into systemic LPS and saline injection groups. Animal were euthanized following 3 daily injections (day 3) and 3-day after cessation of injections (day 6).

[Factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan Province, China].

To describe the situation and identify factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan Province in 2015. 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hu'nan province were selected by township-level probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) in August 2015, infants' body length and weight were measured, and questionnaires were used to collect infants' information on personal and family, and feeding status in the past 24 h. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were calculated according to the Growth Standards of Child Aged Under 7 in China which was established in 2009 by Community Health Department of National Health and Family Planning Commission, China (formerly Chinese MOH), and the prevalence of malnutrition was calculated according to the classification of children with anthropometric failure.

Genotype-phenotype correlation and identification of two novel SRD5A2 mutations in 33 Chinese patients with hypospadias.

Hypospadias, a common congenital malformation of male external genitalia, is characterized mainly by an aberrant opening of the urethra on the ventral side of the penis. Depending on the severity of the disease, it can be classified into three types: anterior, middle, and posterior. In our study, 33 patients with hypospadias were recruited, including eight with anterior hypospadias and 25 with posterior hypospadias.

Postnatal hyperoxia or DEHP exposure leads to growth restriction and delayed lung development in newborn rats.

Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used as a plasticizer in many medical devices. We previously showed that maternal DEHP exposure led to restricted growth and delayed lung maturation in newborn rats. As oxygen toxicity continues to be a major risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of hyperoxia, DEHP or DEHP combined with hyperoxia on the growth and lung maturation of newborn rats.

Novel two-step derivation method for the synchronous analysis of inherited metabolic disorders using urine.

The aim of the present study was to conduct preliminary clinical screening and monitoring using a novel two-step derivatization process of urine in five categories of inherited metabolic disease (IMD). Urine samples (100 µl, containing 2.5 mmol/l creatinine) were taken from patients with IMDs.

Optimized animal model to mimic the reality of stress-induced depression in the clinic.

Background: Animal models are useful tools for verifying the relationship between stress and depression; however, an operational criterion for excluding the resilient animals from the analysis has not been established yet, which hinders the model's ability to more accurately mimic the scenario in humans.

Methods: To induce depression-like symptoms, rats received maternal deprivation (MD) during PND1-14, and/or chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) exposure. The latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine latent subgroups in treatment naive adult rats.

Repeated use of mifepristone and levonorgestrel and their effect on the ovarian function in mice.

Aim: To investigate the effects of repeated mifepristone and levonorgestrel use on estrous cycle and expression of ovarian follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in mice.

Methods: Ovarian FSHR and LHR mRNA expression was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, while the protein levels were measured using immunohistochemistry.

Results: Repeated use of mifepristone and levonorgestrel significantly lengthened the estrous cycle and decreased FSHR and LHR mRNA and protein expression in the ovaries of mice at 4, 24, and 48 days after discontinuing drug use.

Normalizing GDNF expression in the spinal cord alleviates cutaneous hyperalgesia but not ongoing pain in a rat model of bone cancer pain.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is the most common complication in patients with bone cancer. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is believed to be involved in chronic pain conditions. In this article, the expression and roles of GDNF were studied in a rat model of BCP induced by tibia injection of Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells.

Associations of genetic polymorphisms of the transporters organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) with platinum-based chemotherapy response and toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); it is therefore important to discover biomarkers that can be used to predict the efficacy and toxicity of this treatment. Four important transporter genes are expressed in the kidney, including organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), and genetic polymorphisms in these genes may alter the efficacy and adverse effects of platinum drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms of these transporters with platinum-based chemotherapy response and toxicity in NSCLC patients.

Central obesity and risks of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Epidemiologic evidence has shown inconsistent findings regarding the relationships between abdominal fatness, as measured by waist circumferences (WC) or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and risks of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to address these issues. Potentially eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases, and by carefully reviewing the bibliographies of retrieved publications and related reviews.

Studies on cerebral protection of digoxin against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of neonatal acute deaths and chronic nervous system damage. Our present study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of digoxin-induced pharmacological preconditioning after hypoxia-ischemia and underlying mechanisms. Neonatal rats were assigned randomly to control, HIBD, or HIBD+digoxin groups.

A multicenter study of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese women of advanced maternal age.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the rates of different fetal chromosomal abnormalities among women of advanced maternal age in China and to discuss the possible misdiagnosis risks of newer molecular techniques, for selection of appropriate prenatal screening and diagnostic technologies.

Materials And Methods: Second trimester amniocentesis and fetal karyotype results of 46,258 women were retrospectively reviewed. All women were ≥ 35 years old with singleton pregnancies.

[Genetic analysis for 2 females carrying idic(Y)(p) and with sex development disorders].

Objective: To investigate the phenotype-genotype association of isodicentromere Y chromosome by analysis of two female patients carrying the chromosome with sexual development disorders.

Methods: The karyotypes of the two patients were determined by application of conventional G banding of peripheral blood samples and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PCR was applied to detect the presence of SRY gene.

Whole-grain intake and total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Background: The potential role of whole grain in preventing various mortality outcomes has been inconsistently reported in a wealth of prospective observational studies.

Objective: We evaluated the relations between whole-grain intake and risks of dying from any cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer through a meta-analytic approach.

Design: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved full publications.

Proteomic analysis of stromal proteins in different stages of colorectal cancer establishes Tenascin-C as a stromal biomarker for colorectal cancer metastasis.

Tumor microenvironment is crucial to tumor development and metastasis. Little is known about the roles of stromal proteins in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we used a combination of laser capture microdissection (LCM), iTRAQ labeling and two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) to compare stromal proteomes in different stages of colorectal cancer.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method-based urine metabolomic profile of rats with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to a poor outcome of severe sequelae, and the current methods of clinical diagnosis are not satisfactory. Metabolomics is an effective method for the identification of disease-related metabolite biomarkers to facilitate disease diagnosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no PID-associated metabolomic study has yet been carried out.