Photoinduced Cobaloxime-Catalyzed Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydrogen-Evolution C(sp)-H Phosphorylation of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes.

Radical-initiated functionalization of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) is a straightforward approach to accessing diverse cyclobutane derivatives.

Modulation of the Second-Beyond Coordination Structure in Single-Atom Electrocatalysts for Confirmed Promotion of Ammonia Synthesis.

Although microenvironments surrounding single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely demonstrated to have a remarkable effect on their catalytic performances, it remains unclear whether the local structure beyond the secondary coordination shells works as well or not. Herein, we employed a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with well-defined and tunable second-beyond coordination spheres as model SAC electrocatalysts to discuss the influence of long-distance structure on the ammonia synthesis from nitrate, which were synthesized and denoted as Cu-NDI-X (X = NMe, H, F). It is first experimentally confirmed that the remote substitution of function groups beyond the secondary coordination sphere can remarkably affect the activity of ammonia synthesis.

One-Step Realization of Skeleton Editing, -Dinitromethyl Functionalization, and Zwitterionization in a Laser-Sensitive 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Energetic Molecule.

The single-atom skeletal editing technology is an efficient method for constructing molecular skeletons, which has broad coverage in synthetic chemistry. However, its potential in the preparation of energetic heterocyclic molecules is grossly underexplored. In this work, an unexpected one-step reaction for the synthesis of novel energetic molecules was discovered which combines single-atom skeletal editing, -dinitromethyl functionalization, and zwitterionization in one step.

Rhizopogon luteolus and Ganoderma adspersum Extracts Inhibit Invasion through the Crosstalk between Anti-oxidant Activity and Apoptosis Induced by pAKT/Rb.

Objective: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Protein kinase B (AKT) protein is associated with many pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mushrooms have a long history of being used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases.

Betanin Mitigates Inflammation and Ankle Joint Damage by Subduing the MAPK/NF-κB Pathway in Arthritis Triggered by Type II Collagen in Rats.

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness, is characterized by synovitis, progressive joint damage, and bone erosion. Even though the potent drugs available contain biologics, several patients fail to react to them or cause hostile effects.

Objectives: Betanin (BTN), the betacyanin present in the red beetroot, has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and apoptotic properties.

Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Frail Older Adults is Associated with Increased Survival: A Retrospective Study.

Background: In recent years, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a valuable treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. Despite these medications seeming to be safe in older people, the literature about SGLT2i and frailty is still limited. This study aims to evaluate whether SGLT2i use is associated with increased survival in older adults and if frailty can affect the findings.

Oral Microbiota Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease.

Background: Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Ustekinumab (UST) has been utilized as a therapeutic option for CD patients. However, approximately 40-60% of patients exhibit an inadequate response to UST.

Synergistic Improvement of Narrow Bandgap PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells through Surface Ligand Engineering, Near-Infrared Spectral Matching, and Enhanced Electrode Transparency.

The tunability of the energy bandgap in the near-infrared (NIR) range uniquely positions colloidal lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) as a versatile material to enhance the performance of existing perovskite and silicon solar cells in tandem architectures. The desired narrow bandgap (NBG) PbS QDs exhibit polar (111) and nonpolar (100) terminal facets, making effective surface passivation through ligand engineering highly challenging. Despite recent breakthroughs in surface ligand engineering, NBG PbS QDs suffer from uncontrolled agglomeration in solid films, leading to increased energy disorder and trap formation.

On how titanium dioxide nanoparticles attenuate the toxicity of mercuric chloride to : investigation of fatty acid composition, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) as an emerging pollutant in aquatic environments can interact with metals reducing or enhancing their toxicity in these environments. This study examined and compared the toxic effects of mercury ions (Hg ions) on immobilization percentage, fatty acid profile, and oxidative stress of nauplii, individually (Hg) and simultaneously in the presence of 0.10 mg.

Favorable Contact with Low Interfacial Resistance for n-Type TiCoSb-Based Thermoelectric Devices.

In the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop efficient half-Heusler (HH) based thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, their practical applications remain limited due to various challenges occurring during the fabrication of TE devices, particularly the development of stable contacts with low interfacial resistance. In this study, we have made an effort to explore a stable contact material with low interfacial resistance for an n-type TiCoSb-based TE material, specifically TiNbCoSbBi as a proof of concept, using a straightforward facile synthesis route of spark plasma sintering.

Transforming Feather Meal Into a High-Performance Feed for Broilers.

Background: The poultry industry faces challenges with the high cost and environmental impact of Soybean meal. Feather meal, a byproduct with low digestibility due to its keratin content, is a potential alternative. Recent biotechnological advances, including enzymatic and bacterial hydrolysis, have enhanced its digestibility and nutritional value.

Enhancing quality of life in individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physiotherapy interventions.

Purpose: This systematic review examined studies that addressed physiotherapy intervention approaches to the Quality of Life (QoL) of people with Cerebral Palsy (CP).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search strategy in five databases (PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) until 12 February 2024. We assessed the included studies' methodological quality and statistical description using the PEDro scale.

Overcoming Energy-Scaling Barriers: Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis on High-Entropy Alloy Catalysts.

Electrochemically converting nitrate (NO ) to value-added ammonia (NH) is a complex process involving an eight-electron transfer and numerous intermediates, presenting a significant challenge for optimization. A multi-elemental synergy strategy to regulate the local electronic structure at the atomic level is proposed, creating a broad adsorption energy landscape in high-entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts. This approach enables optimal adsorption and desorption of various intermediates, effectively overcoming energy-scaling limitations for efficient NH electrosynthesis.

3D Printed Titanium Scaffolds with Bi-Directional Gradient QK-Functionalized Surface.

3D printed titanium scaffold has promising applications in orthopedics. However, the bioinert titanium presents challenges for promoting vascularization and tissue growth within the porous scaffold for stable osteointegration. In this study, a modular porous titanium scaffold is created using 3D printing and a gradient-surface strategy to immobilize QK peptide on the surface with a bi-directional gradient distribution.

Ionic Strength-Induced Compartmentalization for Nanogel-in-Microgel Colloids.

Compartmentalization is crucial for control over complex biological cascade reactions. In microgels, the formation of discrete compartments allows for simultaneous uptake and orthogonal release of physicochemically distinct drugs, among others. However, many state-of-the-art approaches yielding compartmentalized microgels require the use of specific, though not always biocompatible, components and temperatures well above the physiological range, which may damage possible biological cargo.

Mesoporous Boron-Doped Carbon with Curved BC Active Sites for Highly Efficient HO Electrosynthesis in Neutral Media and Air-Supplied Environments.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via the 2e oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as a cost-effective and safe alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, in more practical environments, namely, the use of neutral media and air-fed cathode environments, slow ORR kinetics and insufficient oxygen supply pose significant challenges to efficient HO production at high current densities. In this work, mesoporous B-doped carbons with novel curved BC active sites, synthesized via a carbon dioxide (CO) reduction using a pore-former agent, to simultaneously achieve excellent 2e ORR activity and improved mass transfer properties are introduced.

Leveraging Optical Anisotropy of the Morpho Butterfly Wing for Quantitative, Stain-Free, and Contact-Free Assessment of Biological Tissue Microstructures.

Changes in the density and organization of fibrous biological tissues often accompany the progression of serious diseases ranging from fibrosis to neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and cancer. However, challenges in cost, complexity, or precision faced by existing imaging methodologies and materials pose barriers to elucidating the role of tissue microstructure in disease. Here, we leverage the intrinsic optical anisotropy of the Morpho butterfly wing and introduce Morpho-Enhanced Polarized Light Microscopy (MorE-PoL), a stain- and contact-free imaging platform that enhances and quantifies the birefringent material properties of fibrous biological tissues.

Tailored Polymer-Inorganic Bilayer SEI with Proton Holder Feature for Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries.

Conventional SEI in aqueous Zn-ion batteries mainly acts as a physical barrier to prevent HER, which is prone to structural deterioration stemming from uneven Zn deposition at high current densities. Herein, we propose an in-situ structural design of polymer-inorganic bilayer SEI with a proton holder feature by aniline-modulated electrolytes. The inner ZnF2 with high stiffness and strength effectively suppresses Zn dendrites.

What Is the Mechanism by which the Introduction of Amorphous SeO Effectively Promotes Urea-Assisted Water Electrolysis Performance of Ni(OH)?

Nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)) is considered to be one of the most promising electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) under alkaline conditions due to its flexible structure, wide composition and abundant 3D electrons. However, its slow electrochemical reaction rate, high affinity for the reaction intermediate *COOH, easy exposure to low exponential crystal faces and limited metal active sites that seriously hinder the further improvement of UOR activities. Herein it is reported electrocatalyst composed of rich oxygen-vacancy (O) defects with amorphous SeO-covered Ni(OH) (O-SeO/Ni(OH)).

Scalable Synthesis of 2D ErOCl with Sub-meV Narrow Emissions at Telecom Band.

Van der Waals (vdWs) materials are promising candidates for hetero-integration with silicon photonics toward miniaturization and integration. VdWs materials like molybdenum telluride and black phosphorus, despite being prominent, exhibit air sensitivity, and their room temperature emissions can be significantly broadened by tens of meV. Here, a self-encapsulation strategy is developed to scalably synthesize robust 2D vdWs ErOCl with sub-meV narrow emissions at the telecom C-band.

High Gain, Low Voltage Solar-Blind Deep UV Photodetector Based on GaO/(AlGa)O/GaN nBp Heterojunction.

In this study an (AlGa)O barrier layer is inserted between β-GaO and GaN in a p-GaN/n-GaO diode photodetector, causing the dark current to decrease considerably, and device performance to improve significantly. The β-GaO/β-(AlGa)O/GaN n-type/Barrier/p-type photodetector achieves a photocurrent gain of 1246, responsivity of 237 A W, and specific detectivity of 5.23 × 10 cm Hz W under a bias of -20 V.

Self-Reconstruction of High Entropy Alloys for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

Alkaline water (HO) electrolysis is currently a commercialized green hydrogen (H) production technology, yet the unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance severely limits its energy conversion efficiency and cost reduction. Herein, PtRuFeCoNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) is synthesized and subsequently exploited electrochemically induced structural oxidation processes to construct self-reconfigurable HEAs, as an efficient alkaline HER catalyst. The optimized self-reconstructed PtRuFeCoNi HEAs with the HEAs and cobalt rutheniate interface (HEAs-CoRuO) exhibits excellent alkaline HER performance, requiring just 11.

Observation of Large Low-Field Magnetoresistance in Layered (NdNiO):NdO Films at High Temperatures.

Large low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR, < 1 T), related to the spin-disorder scattering or spin-polarized tunneling at boundaries of polycrystalline manganates, holds considerable promise for the development of low-power and ultrafast magnetic devices. However, achieving significant LFMR typically necessitates extremely low temperatures due to diminishing spin polarization as temperature rises. To address this challenge, one strategy involves incorporating Ruddlesden-Popper structures (ABO):AO, which are layered derivatives of perovskite structure capable of potentially inducing heightened magnetic fluctuations at higher temperatures.

Induction of Nanoscale Magnetic Ordering in Non-Ferrous Layered Double Hydroxides: Stabilizing Spintronic Electrocatalysis.

Inducing magnetic ordering in a non-ferrous layered double hydroxides (LDHs) instigates higher spin polarization, which leads to enhanced efficiency during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In nano-sized magnetic materials, the concept of elongated grains drives domain alignment under the application of an external magnetic field. Hence, near the solid electrode interface, modified magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) positively impacts the electrocatalytic ability of non-ferrous nanocatalysts.

Gastric Cancer Models Developed via GelMA 3D Bioprinting Accurately Mimic Cancer Hallmarks, Tumor Microenvironment Features, and Drug Responses.

Current in vitro models for gastric cancer research, such as 2D cell cultures and organoid systems, often fail to replicate the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) found in vivo. For the first time, this study utilizes a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a biomimetic ECM-like material, in 3D bioprinting to construct a physiologically relevant gastric cancer model. GelMA's tunable mechanical properties allow for the precise manipulation of cellular behavior within physiological ranges.