Histone Modifying Enzymes in Gynaecological Cancers.

Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of cancer. Epigenetic dysregulation is common in gynaecological cancers and includes altered methylation at CpG islands in gene promoter regions, global demethylation that leads to genome instability and histone modifications. Histones are a major determinant of chromosomal conformation and stability, and unlike DNA methylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, are amenable to post-translational modifications that induce facultative chromatin regions, or condensed transcriptionally silent regions that decondense resulting in global alteration of gene expression.

Diagnosis of melioidosis: the role of molecular techniques.

Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease with an estimated global burden of 4.64 million disability-adjusted life years per year. A major determinant related to poor disease outcomes is delay to diagnosis due to the fact that identification of the causative agent may be challenging.

Pasteurised donor human milk audit: What is happening in the neonatal critical care unit?

Aim: Human milk with fortification, providing additional energy, protein and micronutrients, is considered the optimal form of nutrition for preterm infants as it provides protection against infections and improves outcomes. Mothers' own milk (MOM) is the preferred choice, however in situations where MOM is insufficient or contraindicated; Pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) is the preferred alternative. This study aimed to identify whether PDHM during neonatal critical care unit (NCCU) admission is associated with discharge nutrition in preterm infants.

Ketones in Pregnancy: Why Is It Considered Necessary to Avoid Them and What Is the Evidence Behind Their Perceived Risk?

Current dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus is to avoid diets that result in elevated ketone levels. This guidance stems from a concern that maternal ketones are associated with poor fetal and childhood outcomes, including reduced childhood intelligence quota. The evidence behind these guidelines is conflicting and inconsistent.

Ureteric calculus with migration into psoas muscle - Case report and literature review.

Urolithiasis is a common condition managed by urologists. We present a rare CASE of a ureteric calculus migrating into the patient's psoas muscle in context of chronic infection and obstruction and summarize the literature surrounding this phenomenon. To our knowledge, only four cases have previously been presented in the literature of obstructing calculi migrating into the retroperitoneum.

Voltage-gated potassium channel blanket testing in first-episode psychosis: Diagnostic nihilism?

Objective: Voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies are implicated in limbic encephalitis and currently included in first-episode psychosis organic screening guidelines. Individuals with high-positive voltage-gated potassium channel titres most commonly present with neurological symptoms as well as sleep, cognitive, behaviour, psychosis and mood disturbance. The significance of low-positive voltage-gated potassium channel antibody titres in psychiatric patients is unclear and has not been previously examined.

Narrative review of the epidemiology/biology of basal cell carcinoma: a need for public health consensus.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy afflicting modern Australian society. The most influential response to rising BCC incidence rates has been through public health primary prevention campaigns (PPC) which have persevered since the 1980s. These campaigns are widely heralded a success but clinical data quantifying these benefits are limited due to an absence of legislation around BCC reporting.

Patient satisfaction with physiotherapists is not inferior to surgeons in an arthroplasty review clinic: non-inferiority study of an expanded scope model of care.

Objective This study evaluated whether the satisfaction of patients attending a physiotherapy-led postarthroplasty review out-patient clinic was non-inferior to that of patients attending traditional surgeon clinics. Methods Using a modified nine-item Visit-Specific Satisfaction Instrument (VSQ-9), 50 patients attending the physiotherapy clinic and 50 patients attending surgeon clinics were surveyed. Sample means (±s.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma following childhood hypospadias repair.

We report a case of a 46-year-old man who presented with recurrent lower urinary tract infections and obstructive voiding symptoms on the background of a proximal hypospadias repair at 4 years of age. A mass was later identified at his distal urethra, which on biopsy was found to be a penile squamous cell carcinoma. The lesion was excised en bloc, and at 10 months post-excision, the patient has no evidence of local or regional recurrence.

Integrin alpha-2 and beta-1 expression increases through multiple generations of the EDW01 patient-derived xenograft model of breast cancer-insight into their role in epithelial mesenchymal transition in vivo gained from an in vitro model system.

Background: Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin-linked kinase signalling are upregulated.

Methods: We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and its functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively.

Increased maternal body mass index is associated with prolonged anaesthetic and surgical times for caesarean delivery but is partially offset by clinician seniority and established epidural analgesia.

Background: Obesity is associated with higher surgical and anaesthetic morbidity and difficulties.

Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and the in-theatre time taken to produce an anaesthetised state or to perform surgery for caesarean delivery.

Materials And Methods: Using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, we identified all women who underwent caesarean section at a single institution (2009-2015).

The SWI/SNF subunit SMARCD3 regulates cell cycle progression and predicts survival outcome in ER+ breast cancer.

Purpose: Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in regulating transcriptional networks and timing of gene expression. Chromatin remodelers such as SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) harbor many protein components, with the catalytic subunit providing ATPase activity to displace histones along or from the DNA molecules, and associated subunits ensuring tissue specificity and transcriptional or co-transcriptional activities. Mutations in several of the SWI/SNF subunits have been linked to cancer.

Asymptomatic disseminated telangiectasias: a rare case of cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy.

Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a rare idiopathic microangiopathy affecting superficial dermal blood vessels. It is characterized by asymptomatic, disseminated, telangiectatic macules that typically involve the extremities. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with widespread telangiectasias of three years' duration on the upper extremities and abdomen.

Switching Australian patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease from originator to biosimilar infliximab: a multicentre, parallel cohort study.

Objective: To examine whether non-medical switching of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from originator infliximab to a biosimilar (CT-P13, Inflectra) is safe and clinically non-inferior to continued treatment with originator infliximab.

Design: Prospective, open label, multicentre, parallel cohort, non-inferiority study in seven Australian hospitals over 48 weeks, May 2017 - October 2019.

Participants: Adults (18 years or older) with IBD receiving maintenance originator infliximab (Remicade) who had been in steroid-free clinical remission for at least 12 weeks.

Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5A-Inhibitor Experienced Patients With Difficult to Cure Characteristics.

Background: In clinical trials, hepatitis C virus (HCV) salvage treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) achieved an SVR12 rate of >95% in NS5A-experienced participants. Lower SVR12 rates have been reported in real-world studies, particularly for genotype (GT)3 infection and cirrhosis. We determined the efficacy and safety of SOF/VEL/VOX in a large real-world cohort.

Morphological analysis of Gissane's angle utilising a statistical shape model of the calcaneus.

Introduction: Gissane's crucial angle (GA) facilitates to diagnose calcaneal fractures, and serves as an indicator of the quality of anatomical reduction after fixation. The study aimed to utilise statistical shape models (SSM) for analysing the complex 3D surface anatomy of the calcaneus represented by the simplified GA measurement on lateral radiographs.

Materials And Methods: SSMs were generated from CT scans of paired adult calcanei from 10 Japanese and 31 Thai specimens.

Heparanase Promotes Syndecan-1 Expression to Mediate Fibrillar Collagen and Mammographic Density in Human Breast Tissue Cultured .

Mammographic density (MD) is a strong and independent factor for breast cancer (BC) risk and is increasingly associated with BC progression. We have previously shown in mice that high MD, which is characterized by the preponderance of a fibrous stroma, facilitates BC xenograft growth and metastasis. This stroma is rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) factors, including heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), such as the BC-associated syndecan-1 (SDC1).