Purely extradural thoracal Schwanoma: Case report.

Introduction: and importance. Schwannomas are benign tumors that often occur in the medulla spinalis. It arises from the Schwann cells which form the sheath of peripheral nerves.

Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder.

Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I.

Treatment of bone defects with bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) to accelerate bone healing.

Introduction: The autograft treatment has become a gold standard therapy for bone defects, although it has its drawbacks and a side effect of donor site morbidity. Furthermore, the bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft due to its excellent osteoconduction characteristic combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which is a source of growth factor, makes both utilized as therapeutic measures. Therefore, this study examines the potential use of bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin in the treatment of bone defects.

Optimization of oil-in-water emulsion capacity and stability of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified porang glucomannan ( Blume).

Surfactants are used to reduce surface and interfacial tension to form emulsions. Polysaccharides such as Porang Glucomannan (PG) with high viscosity can be used as surfactants. This research aimed to optimize the concentration of sodium carbonate (NaCO) and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in modifying PG using a microwave.

Serum concentration and mRNA expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) in stunted and non- stunted toddlers.

Background And Aims: West Nusa Tenggara Province has the fifth-highest prevalence of stunting cases in Indonesia. So far, limited research is available to understand the likelihood of stunting in this region. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1), an immunoregulatory cytokine, may affect the stunting progression.

Bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance pattern in open fracture cases in Indonesia.

Background: The annual incidence of open fracture in Dr Soetomo Hospital, East Java were 400 cases with chronic infection complications exist in 14% (57 cases). A previous study in this hospital shows the resistance rate of Pseudomonas towards cefazolin and amikacin was 100% and 15%, respectively. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial infection type and antibiotic resistance pattern in infection caused by the open fracture.

Measuring the Possibility of Middle Ear Discharge for COVID-19 Test Material.

The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and new variants continue to emerge. Various examination methods and sampling specimens are continuously being developed and published. The standard for sampling is in the nasopharynx.

Topical gel of mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium under TNF-α precondition accelerates wound closure healing in full-thickness skin defect animal model.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) under TNF-α stimulation (MSC-CM-T) can release numerous trophic and survival molecules that have a promising prospect in wound healing acceleration. However, the effective levels of MSC-CM-T in topical gel preparation to accelerate wound healing should be further explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MSC-CM-T in topical gel preparation in accelerating optimal wound healing through analyzing PDGF levels, wound closure rate percentages, and fibroblast density appearances.

The role of MLC901 in reducing VEGF as a vascular permeability marker in rats with spinal cord injury.

Background: Damaged neural tissue caused by SCI could induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that can worsen the condition in the late phase by increasing vascular permeability, thus inducing tissue oedema, which can worsen the infarction. MLC 901 has been widely used in Asia for stroke patients because its mechanism is known to down-regulate VEGF levels in ischemic tissue.

Methods: Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment.

The effect of progesteron for expression delta (δ) opioid receptor spinal cord through peripheral nerve injury.

Background: Neuropathic pain is a major problem to date because of its high prevalence and lack of effective treatment. Neuropathic pain processes can be influenced by many factors and at various levels of the nervous system, including progesterone and the opioid system. The various mechanisms of the effect of progesterone on pain are still controversial, while the effect of progesterone on the activation of the opioid system also needs to be proven.

The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae Extract against Melanoma Cells.

The red macroalga is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line.

An extremely rare case: Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury by wooden foreign body. Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Transorbital Penetrating Intracranial Injury (TOPI) is a rare case, but those caused by Wooden Foreign Body are even challenging that may pose unusual diagnostic and surgical challenges.

Case Presentation: we presented a TOPI following a wood penetrated to the left temporal fossa region via orbital roof due to struck the tree branches while got a motor vehicle accident. The patient was fully conscious with decreased visual acuity in the left eye and left ophthalmoplegia.

Exercise adaptations and TGF-β1 levels in recreational cyclists.

Background: Cycling is a physical exercise that is widely performed to improve physical fitness. Regular physical exercise will lead to adaptations to exercise. This adaptation is useful in suppressing the production of reactive oxygen stress (ROS) generated in response to cellular metabolism that uses oxygen.

Financial Risk Protection for Neurosurgical Care in Indonesia and the Philippines: A Primer on Health Financing for the Global Neurosurgeon.

Which conditions treated by neurosurgeons cause the worst economic hardship in low middle-income in countries? How can public health financing be responsive to the inequities in the delivery of neurosurgical care? This review article frames the objectives of equity, quality, and efficiency in health financing to the goals of global neurosurgery. In order to glean provider perspectives on the affordability of neurosurgical care in low-resource settings, we did a survey of neurosurgeons from Indonesia and the Philippines and identified that the care of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with malignant intracranial tumors were found to incur the highest out-of-pocket expenses. Additionally, the surveyed neurosurgeons also observed that treatment of traumatic brain injury may have to require greater financial subsidies.

Urgent need to strengthen school health in Asia and the Pacific islands.

In Asia and the Pacific island region, strengthening of school health activities and measures is urgently recommended to deal with the impact of the increasing risk of potential school closures due to continuation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2021. As the incidence of COVID-19 in 2020 was relatively low in these regions, many of the countries were able to avoid prolonged school closures. However, even if vaccination is expanded in the future and the pandemic tends to come to an end, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants spreading among children will also increase, and the possibility of having to close schools again will also increase.

Requestioning the Indonesia Government's Public Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Black Box Analysis for the Period of January-July 2020.

Indonesia responded the COVID-19 pandemic slowly these last months. The recent reports shown that the rate performance of Indonesian government in handling COVID-19 posits at the 4th worst all over the world. Meanwhile, through responsive, strict, and strategic policy, some Asia countries pushed the elimination case by doing lockdown.

Complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationships of the genera Nephila and Trichonephila (Araneae, Araneoidea).

Spiders of the genera Nephila and Trichonephila are large orb-weaving spiders. In view of the lack of study on the mitogenome of these genera, and the conflicting systematic status, we sequenced (by next generation sequencing) and annotated the complete mitogenomes of N. pilipes, T.

Data extraction of the gray level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) Feature on the fingerprints of parents and children in Lombok Island, Indonesia.

Fingerprint data of parents and children were taken directly from Lombok, Indonesia. This dataset was collected from 30 families consisting of father's, mother's, and child's fingerprints. The data were collected from one family to another, with and without a kinship relationship.

Service Delivery Reforms for Asian Ageing Societies: A Cross-Country Study Between Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Introduction: Japan's health policies to address the most advanced-aged society have been the target of focus in Asia, but no studies have investigated this issue using tools for cross-country comparisons.

Theory And Methods: A cross-country study design was used to compare healthcare reform policies with a framework in Japan, Korea, Thailand, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Data were collected via document reviews and key informant interviews.

The extent of distal intramural spread of colorectal cancer cell study of it's relationship with histological grading, stage of disease and CEA level.

Background: The free margin of distal resection is an attempt to prevent local recurrence of the tumor and prolong survival. The recommended length of distal resection margin are varied among the researchers. This study was done to know the correlation between extents of distal intramural spread (DIS) and histology grading, stage and CEA levels of colorectal cancer.

Serum vitamin D receptor and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) levels in HIV-infected patients with different immunodeficiency status: A cross-sectional study.

Background: HIV-AIDS patients typically have hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin D is a key mediator in inflammatory and infectious diseases, which VDR mediates its biological effect. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) modulates HIV-1 replication in vitro.

COVID-19 infection in the palatine tonsil tissue and detritus: the detection of the virus compartment with RT-PCR.

Two patients suffering from chronic recurrent tonsillitis were reported. The first patient was confirmed infected with COVID-19, 3 weeks prior to tonsillectomy. The detritus and tonsil specimen were further analysed through real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and revealed amplification of the fragment N and ORF1ab genes of SARS-CoV-2.

Algorithm of traumatic brain injury management at Indonesia in the COVID 19 pandemic ERA. Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: COVID-19, a global pandemic, affects neurosurgical care in Indonesia. This study has objective to propose guideline and algorithm recommendation for the management of TBI patients during this pandemic, which can be used flexibly at neurosurgery centers, both in Indonesia and throughout the world.

Methods: We performed retrospective Cohort analysis from TBI database at tertiary public general hospitals.

P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal horn of spinal cord and pain threshold after estrogen therapy for prevention therapy in neuropathic pain.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain may arise from conditions that affecting the central or peripheral nervous system. This study was held to determine the difference P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and pain threshold after estrogen therapy in neuropathic pain.

Methods: This study design was an experimental research laboratory.