66,990 results match your criteria: "Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue[Affiliation]"

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) last for milliseconds and arrive at Earth from cosmological distances. Although their origins and emission mechanisms are unknown, their signals bear similarities with the much less luminous radio emission generated by pulsars within our Miky Way Galaxy, with properties suggesting neutron star origins. However, unlike pulsars, FRBs typically show minimal variability in their linear polarization position angle (PA) curves.

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Co-essentiality analysis identifies PRR12 as a cohesin interacting protein and contributor to genomic integrity.

Dev Cell

December 2024

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address:

The cohesin complex is critical for genome organization and regulation, relying on specialized co-factors to mediate its diverse functional activities. Here, by analyzing patterns of similar gene requirements across cell lines, we identify PRR12 as a mediator of cohesin and genome integrity. We show that PRR12 interacts with NIPBL/MAU2 and the cohesin complex, and that the loss of PRR12 results in reduced cohesin localization and a substantial increase in DNA double-strand breaks in mouse NIH-3T3 cells.

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Mechanisms of tandem duplication in the cancer genome.

DNA Repair (Amst)

December 2024

Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,  USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Tandem duplications (TD) are among the most frequent type of structural variant (SV) in the cancer genome. They are characterized by a single breakpoint junction that defines the boundaries and the size of the duplicated segment. Cancer-associated TDs often increase oncogene copy number or disrupt tumor suppressor gene function, and thus have important roles in tumor evolution.

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The Moon goddess's magnetic midlife.

Sci Adv

January 2025

Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.

Laboratory measurements of samples returned by China's Chang'e-5 mission demonstrate that the Moon generated a long-lived magnetic field.

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While there has been a proliferation of training and practice paradigms in the realm of noncoronary interventions, coronary disease remains the predominant pathology necessitating interventional cardiology expertise. The landscape of coronary disease has also experienced a significant transformation due to rapidly evolving technologies, clinical application of mechanical circulatory support and other device innovations, and increasing acuity and complexity of patients. The modern interventional cardiologist is subject to challenges including decreasing coronary procedural volume, need to maintain clinical and financial productivity, and often also requirements of continued scholastic pursuit.

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Subtypes of brain change in aging and their associations with cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Neurobiol Aging

December 2024

Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway.

Structural brain changes underlie cognitive changes and interindividual variability in cognition in older age. By using structural MRI data-driven clustering, we aimed to identify subgroups of cognitively unimpaired older adults based on brain change patterns and assess how changes in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume relate to cognitive change. We tested (1) which brain structural changes predict cognitive change (2) whether these are associated with core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and (3) the degree of overlap between clusters derived from different structural modalities in 1899 cognitively healthy older adults followed up to 16 years.

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Article Synopsis
  • Humans have a special ability to use tools thanks to the dexterity of their hands, but many lose this ability due to injuries or strokes, prompting further research on human hand function.
  • Previous studies primarily focused on coordinated movements for reaching and grasping, but there is a gap in understanding how we manipulate complex objects.
  • This study tested two hypotheses about hand synergies in manipulation compared to reaching and grasping, revealing that manipulation requires more synergies and that the specific synergies differ between the two actions, highlighting the need for more focused research to improve prosthetics and rehabilitation.
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This article examines how Eritrea's realization of Millennium Development Goal 5 (the reduction of maternal mortality) reveals the complex workings of medical sovereignty in sub-Saharan Africa. Through the case study of Eritrea, I demonstrate how postcolonial African countries might approach structuring their healthcare systems to navigate-and challenge-the neoliberal contours of global health humanitarianism. By analyzing both Eritrea's colonial history and the liberation-era history of medicine alongside contemporary healthcare policymaking, I trace how racial and gender dynamics shape the reduction of maternal mortality and the pursuit of medical sovereignty more broadly.

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Introduction: Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was proposed for assessing glymphatic clearance function. This study evaluated DTI-ALPS as a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) related vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID).

Methods: Four independent cohorts were examined.

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Secondary Prophylaxis of Cirrhotic Gastric Variceal Bleeding: Addition of Non-Selective Beta-Blockers to Endoscopic Combined Treatment.

United European Gastroenterol J

December 2024

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Background: It remains unclear whether the addition of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) provides further benefit after combined use of tissue adhesive and endoscopic variceal ligation for bleeding gastroesophageal varices.

Objective: This is the first cohort study comparing the secondary prophylactic efficacy of adding NSBB to combined endoscopic treatment in cirrhotic patients with gastric varices (without inclusion of isolated gastric varices [IGVs], which are rare in patients with cirrhosis without splanchnic thrombosis).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed two matched large cohorts of cirrhotic patients with gastric varices who received combined endoscopic treatment and were assigned to receive NSBB treatment or not as secondary prophylaxis.

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Background: Smartphone apps can be used to monitor chronic conditions and offer opportunities for self-assessment conveniently at home. However, few digital studies include older adults.

Objective: We aim to describe a new electronic cohort of older adults embedded in the Framingham Heart Study including baseline smartphone survey return rates and survey completion rates by smartphone type (iPhone [Apple Inc] and Android [Google LLC] users).

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Despite the extensive use of network autocorrelation models in social network analysis, network autocorrelation models for binary dependent variables have received surprisingly scant attention. In this paper, we develop four network autocorrelation models for a binary random variable defined by whether the peer effect (also termed social influence or contagion) acts on latent continuous outcomes leading to an indirect effect under a normal or a logistic distribution or on the probability of the observed outcome itself under a probit or a logit link function defining a direct effect to account for interdependence between outcomes. For all models, we use a Bayesian approach for model estimation under a uniform prior on a transformed peer effect parameter ( ) designed to enhance model computation and compare results to those under the uniform prior for .

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Understanding the impact of gravity on daily upper-limb movements is crucial for comprehending upper-limb impairments. This study investigates the relationship between gravitational force and upper-limb mobility by analyzing hand trajectories from 24 healthy subjects performing nine pick-and-place tasks, captured using a motion capture system. The results reveal significant differences in motor behavior in terms of planning, smoothness, efficiency, and accuracy when movements are performed against or with gravity.

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The eukaryotic microrchidia (MORC) protein family are DNA gyrase, Hsp90, histidine kinase, MutL (GHKL)-type ATPases involved in gene expression regulation and chromatin compaction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these activities are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the full-length human MORC2 protein biochemically.

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Microplastics Generate Less Mineral Protection of Soil Carbon and More CO Emissions.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

December 2024

Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems threatens to destabilize large soil carbon stocks that help to mitigate climate change. Carbon-based substrates can release from microplastics and contribute to terrestrial carbon pools, but how these emerging organic compounds influence carbon mineralization and sequestration remains unknown. Here, microcosm experiments are conducted to determine the bioavailability of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) in soils and its contribution to mineral-associated carbon pool.

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Brown rot fungi, the major decomposers in the boreal coniferous forests, cause a unique wood decay pattern but many aspects of brown rot decay mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, decayed wood samples were prepared by cultivation of the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Coniophora puteana on Japanese coniferous wood of Cryptomeria japonica, and the cutting planes were prepared using broad ion beam (BIB) milling, which enables observation of intact wood, in addition to traditional microtome sections. Samples were observed using field-emission SEM revealing that areas inside the end walls of ray parenchyma cells were the first to be degraded.

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Association of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with 1-year all-cause mortality in ICU patients with heart failure.

Sci Rep

December 2024

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400072, China.

The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) has emerged as a cost-effective biomarker for systemic inflammation and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet its prognostic value in critically ill patients with heart failure (HF) remains unclear. Leveraging the MIMIC-IV database, this study investigates the association between PLR and 1-year all-cause mortality in 7,217 ICU patients with HF. Patients were stratified into tertiles (0-126.

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Selective learning for sensing using shift-invariant spectrally stable undersampled networks.

Sci Rep

December 2024

Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

The amount of data collected for sensing tasks in scientific computing is based on the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem proposed in the 1940s. Sensor data generation will surpass 73 trillion GB by 2025 as we increase the high-fidelity digitization of the physical world. Skyrocketing data infrastructure costs and time to maintain and compute on all this data are increasingly common.

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This study characterizes the influence of self-assembly conditions on the aggregation pathway and resulting photophysical properties of one-dimensional aggregates of the simple imide-substituted perylene diimide, N, N'-didodecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (ddPDI). We show that ddPDI, which has symmetric alkyl chains at the imide positions, assembles into fibers with distinct morphology, emission spectra, and temperature-dependent behavior as a function of preparation conditions. In all conditions explored, aggregates are one-dimensional; however, assembly conditions can bias formation to either J-like or H-like aggregates.

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Mobile photon counting detector CT with multi material decomposition methods for neuroimaging of patients in intensive care unit.

Sci Rep

December 2024

Health & Medical Equipment Business, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 8, Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam- si, 13638, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

The photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a promising new technology that provides more spectral information in medical imaging. PCD-CT enables bedside imaging in the neuro intensive care unit (neuro ICU) for patients with life-threatening conditions such as brain hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate a multi-material decomposition algorithm available on PCD-CT, dubbed MD Plus, to differentiate between contrast agent and hemorrhage in hyperdense lesions.

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In optical imaging of solid tumors, signal contrasts derived from inherent tissue temperature differences have been employed to distinguish tumor masses from surrounding tissue. Moreover, with the advancement of active infrared imaging, dynamic thermal characteristics in response to exogenous thermal modulation (heating and cooling) have been proposed as novel measures of tumor assessment. Contrast factors such as the average rate of temperature changes and thermal recovery time constants have been investigated through an active thermal modulation imaging approach, yielding promising tumor characterization results in a xenograft mouse model.

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Although respiratory symptoms are the most prevalent disease manifestation of infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nearly 20% of hospitalized patients are at risk for thromboembolic events. This prothrombotic state is considered a key factor in the increased risk of stroke, which is observed clinically during both acute infection and long after symptoms clear. Here, we develop a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to recapitulate the vascular pathology associated with SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

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