Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Awareness to Insight in Just 50 Years.

This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems.

Globalization and vulnerable populations in times of a pandemic: A Mayan perspective.

Global health conditions are marked by inequities due mostly to poverty and lack of access to healthcare services. In a Pandemic setting, Mayan Communities in the Quintana Roo State in Mexico are a good example of how these disparities are exacerbated. First, they may have difficulty in adhering to directives to stay home from work because of the nature of their job, and the necessity to work, their living conditions are marked by crowding and sometimes lack of basic sanitation.

Primed to comply: Individual participant data sharing statements on ClinicalTrials.gov.

In June 2017, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) announced a requirement that authors reporting the results of clinical trials to journals that follow ICMJE recommendations must include an individual participant data (IPD) sharing statement with manuscripts submitted after 01 July 2018. Additionally, all new clinical trials for which enrollment began on or after 01 January 2019 must include a data sharing statement in the trial's publicly posted registration. This study sought to understand whether IPD sharing statements of clinical trials first registered on ClinicalTrials.

MicroRNA-802 induces hepatitis B virus replication and replication through regulating SMARCE1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Growing evidences have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) expression and replication, playing crucial roles in the development of HBV infection. Until now, the functional role and mechanism of miR-802 in HBV replication and expression remain unknown. We indicated that miR-802 expression was upregulated in the HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples.

Publisher Correction: Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir.

In this Brief Communications Arising Comment, the first three authors (Osuna, Lim and Kublin) should have been listed as equally contributing authors; this has been corrected online.

The Readability of AAOS Patient Education Materials: Evaluating the Progress Since 2008.

Background: The Internet has become a major resource for patients; however, patient education materials are frequently written at relatively high levels of reading ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of patient education materials on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) web site.

Methods: Readability scores were calculated for all patient education articles on the AAOS web site using 5 algorithms: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Grade, Coleman-Liau Index, and Gunning-Fog Index.

Risk Factors for Deep Infection Following Plate Fixation of Proximal Tibial Fractures.

Background: The risk factors are unclear for deep surgical site infection after plate fixation of proximal tibial fractures. The objective of this study was to identify the patient and surgical procedure-related risk factors for infection using established criteria for deep surgical site infection.

Methods: A total of 655 proximal tibial fractures were treated with open reduction and plate fixation at our center between 2004 and 2013.

An Achilles' Heel for MLL-Rearranged Leukemias: Writers and Readers of H3 Lysine 36 Dimethylation.

Histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2), a modification associated with transcriptional activation, is required for mixed-lineage leukemia-dependent transcription and leukemic transformation. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Zhu and colleagues map the network of readers, writers, and erasers of H3K36me2 and uncover the ASH1L histone methyltransferase as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 700-2.

Postoperative Pain Management Among Dominican and American Health-Care Providers: A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: U.S. practitioners have prescribed opioid analgesics increasingly in recent years, contributing to what has been declared an opioid epidemic by the U.

Hematopoietic Age at Onset of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Dictates Disease Aggressiveness and Progression.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered an early onset subtype of breast cancer that carries with it a poorer prognosis in young rather than older women for reasons that remain poorly understood. Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow becomes altered with age and may therefore affect the composition of tumor-infiltrating hematopoietic cells and subsequent tumor progression. In this study, we investigated how age- and tumor-dependent changes to bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells impact TNBC progression.

Cross-Cancer Genome-Wide Analysis of Lung, Ovary, Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Reveals Novel Pleiotropic Associations.

Identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic associations can uncover common pathways influencing multiple cancers. We took a two-stage approach to conduct genome-wide association studies for lung, ovary, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer from the GAME-ON/GECCO Network (61,851 cases, 61,820 controls) to identify pleiotropic loci. Findings were replicated in independent association studies (55,789 cases, 330,490 controls).

Heads Up! Predictive Gene Signatures in Head and Neck Cancer May Be Coming Soon.

Cetuximab-platinum chemotherapy is used for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, a minority of patients benefit. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of HNSCCs with prolonged responses to cetuximab-chemotherapy demonstrate basal subtype traits including signatures of EGFR signaling and hypoxic differentiation. GEP of short-response patients show RAS activation.

Analysis of FDA-Approved Orthopaedic Devices and Their Recalls.

Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluates medical devices by two main pathways.

Vaccination with Irradiated Autologous Tumor Cells Mixed with Irradiated GM-K562 Cells Stimulates Antitumor Immunity and T Lymphocyte Activation in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma.

Purpose: Recurrent malignant glioma carries a dismal prognosis, and novel therapies are needed. We examined the feasibility and safety of vaccination with irradiated autologous glioma cells mixed with irradiated GM-K562 cells in patients undergoing craniotomy for recurrent malignant glioma.

Experimental Design: We initiated a phase I study examining the safety of 2 doses of GM-K562 cells mixed with autologous cells.

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of NF1-Mutant Lung Cancer.

Purpose: NF1 is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates Ras signaling. NF1 mutations occur in lung cancer, but their clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of NF1 mutant lung cancers with comparison to tumors with KRAS mutations.