Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Factor Structure and Construct Validity of Subfactors.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) is a semi-structured interview designed to assess the severity of current BDD. The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the BDD-YBOCS. The sample included 366 adults with BDD who completed the BDD-YBOCS and other measures of BDD severity/impairment, psychiatric distress (i.

Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity-State of the Art: A Five-Year Narrative Review.

Non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) is a syndrome for which pathogenesis and management remain debated. It is described as a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms rapidly occurring after gluten ingestion in subjects who have had celiac disease or wheat allergy excluded. To date, the diagnosis of NCGWS is challenging as no universally recognized biomarkers have been yet identified, nor has a predisposing genetic profile been described.

Influence of Preoperative Depression on Cervical Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To quantify the association of preoperative depression on patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) after cervical spine surgery.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Genomic Drivers of Coronary Artery Disease and Risk of Future Outcomes After Coronary Angiography.

Importance: Disease characteristics of genetically mediated coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography and the association of genomic risk with outcomes after coronary angiography are not well understood.

Objective: To assess the angiographic characteristics and risk of post-coronary angiography outcomes of patients with genomic drivers of CAD: familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), high polygenic risk score (PRS), and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP).

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 3518 Mass General Brigham Biobank participants with genomic information who underwent coronary angiography was conducted between July 18, 2000, and August 1, 2023.

Characterization of occupational endotoxin-related small airway disease with longitudinal paired inspiratory/expiratory CT scans.

Background: Although small airway disease has been recognized as a major contributor to obstructive respiratory diseases, the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and small airway disease, as characterized by CT scans, requires further investigation.

Research Question: What is the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and small airway disease, and which CT imaging biomarkers effectively detect pre-clinical airway dysfunction?

Study Design And Methods: This study includes 404 subjects from the Shanghai Textile Worker Cohort. We collected longitudinal inspiratory/expiratory CT scans, spirometry data, and endotoxin levels in 2011 and 2016.

Radiotherapy and surgery: can this combination be further optimized for patients with metastatic spine disease?

This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, recent advancements, and future directions in the management of metastatic spine disease using both radiotherapy and surgery. Emphasis has been put on the integrated use of radiotherapy and surgery, incorporating recent developments such as separation surgery, active dose sparing of the surgical field, and the implementation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer implants. Future studies should explore the effects of minimizing the time between radiotherapy and surgery and investigate the potential of vertebral re-ossification after radiotherapy to obviate the need for stabilization surgery.

Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Age-associated depletion in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentrations has been implicated in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR), offers a potential therapeutic avenue against neurodegenerative pathologies in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. A crossover, double-blind, randomized placebo (PBO) controlled trial was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of 8 weeks' active treatment with NR (1 g/day) on cognition and plasma AD biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Identifying cognitive test scores associated with early tau burden in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify cognitive tests that optimally relate to tau positron emission tomography (PET) signal in the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), a neocortical region associated with early tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the harvard aging brain study (HABS) (= 128) and the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study (= 393). We used elastic net regression to identify the most robust cognitive correlates of tau PET signal in the ITC.

Prevalence and characteristics of group standardized letters of evaluation in emergency medicine: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: The standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) for emergency medicine (EM) is a well-established tool for residency selection. While previous work characterizes the utility and outcomes related to SLOE use, less is known about SLOE authorship patterns and trends.

Objective: The objective was to measure the prevalence of group SLOEs in EM over time, characterize the role groups represented in group SLOEs, and compare the rating practices of groups of authors versus single authors.

Sex-specific Associations of Gene Expression with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology and Ante-mortem Cognitive Performance.

The biological mechanisms underlying women's increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence remain undefined. Previous case/control studies have identified sex-biased molecular pathways, but sex-specific relationships between gene expression and AD endophenotypes, particularly sex chromosomes, are underexplored. With bulk transcriptomic data across 3 brain regions from 767 decedents, we investigated sex-specific associations between gene expression and post-mortem β-amyloid and tau as well as antemortem longitudinal cognition.

Assessing the value of deep neural networks for postoperative complication prediction in pancreaticoduodenectomy patients.

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications (PoCs) and risk prediction of these is therefore critical for optimal treatment planning. We hypothesize that novel deep learning network approaches through transfer learning may be superior to legacy approaches for PoC risk prediction in the PDAC surgical setting.

Methods: Data from the US National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2002-2018 were used, with a total of 5,881,881 million patients, including 31,728 PD patients.

Contrastive Learning Approach for Assessment of Phonological Precision in Patients with Tongue Cancer Using MRI Data.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows analyzing speech production by capturing high-resolution images of the dynamic processes in the vocal tract. In clinical applications, combining MRI with synchronized speech recordings leads to improved patient outcomes, especially if a phonological-based approach is used for assessment. However, when audio signals are unavailable, the recognition accuracy of sounds is decreased when using only MRI data.

Stabilization of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes regulates Aβ generation in a three-dimensional neural model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We previously demonstrated that regulating mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) affects axonal Aβ generation in a well-characterized three-dimensional (3D) neural Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. MAMs vary in thickness and length, impacting their functions. Here, we examined the effect of MAM thickness on Aβ in our 3D neural model of AD.

Clinician Perspectives Highlight the Need for Early Dyadic Coping Skills for People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Context: A diagnosis of ALS can be challenging, and many people find ways to adapt. At the same time, emotional distress can arise early after an ALS diagnosis even when high quality multidisciplinary care is provided. When emotional distress occurs, it can become chronic over time, and can affect both the person living with ALS and their care-partner (together called a dyad).

Examining Caregiver Practices During Adolescent Outpatient Alcohol Use and Co-Occurring Mental Health Treatment: Protocol for a Dyadic Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Background: Caregiver-involved treatments for adolescents with alcohol use disorder and co-occurring disorders (AUD+CODs) are associated with the best treatment outcomes. Understanding what caregiving practices during treatment improve core adolescent treatment targets may facilitate the refinement and scalability of caregiver-involved interventions. Caregiving is dynamic, varying by context, affect, and adolescent behavior.

Exploring Gender Differences in Receipt of the 5As for Smoking Cessation for Recently-Diagnosed Cancer Patients (ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD).

Introduction: Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Method: This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As by an oncology provider among 306 recently-diagnosed male and female cancer patients.

Exploring the dual role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in urological cancers: Implications for tumor progression and cell death interactions.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for maintaining calcium balance, lipid biosynthesis, and protein folding. Disruptions in ER homeostasis, often due to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, lead to ER stress, which plays a significant role in various diseases, especially cancer. Urological cancers, which account for high male mortality worldwide, pose a persistent challenge due to their incurability and tendency to develop drug resistance.

Multicenter Analysis of the Relationship Between Operative Team Familiarity and Safety and Efficiency Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Safety in cardiac surgical procedures is predicated on effective team dynamics. This study associated operative team familiarity (ie, the extent of clinical collaboration among surgical team members) with procedural efficiency and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) adjudicated patient outcomes.

Methods: Institutional STS adult cardiac surgery registry and electronic health record data from 2014 to 2021 were evaluated across 3 quaternary hospitals.

De novo variants disrupt an LDB1-regulated transcriptional network in congenital ventriculomegaly.

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly (CV), is among the most common and least understood pediatric neurosurgical disorders. We have identified in the largest-assembled CV cohort (>2,697 parent-proband trios) an exome-wide significant enrichment of protein-altering de novo variants (DNVs) in LDB1 (p = 1.11 x 10-15).

A Transdiagnostic Treatment to Improve Biomedical and Syndemic Outcomes in People Living With HIV.

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience a range of co-occurring psychosocial stressors, mental health symptoms, and structural barriers (e.g., "syndemics") that can impair their ability to adhere to medical recommendations for treatment.

Generalizability of consensus regarding standardized letters of evaluation competitiveness: A validity study in a national sample of emergency medicine faculty.

Background: Standardized letters of evaluation (SLOEs) are an important part of residency recruitment, particularly given the limited availability of other discerning factors in residency applications. While consensus regarding SLOE competitiveness has been studied within a small group of academic faculty, it remains unexplored how a more diverse group of letter readers interpret SLOEs in terms of competitiveness.

Methods: A sample of 50 real SLOEs in the new SLOE format (2022 eSLOE 2.

ChatG-PD? Comparing large language model artificial intelligence and faculty rankings of the competitiveness of standardized letters of evaluation.

Background: While faculty have previously been shown to have high levels of agreement about the competitiveness of emergency medicine (EM) standardized letters of evaluation (SLOEs), reviewing SLOEs remains a highly time-intensive process for faculty. Artificial intelligence large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for effectively analyzing large volumes of data across a variety of contexts, but their ability to interpret SLOEs is unknown.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the ability of LLMs to rate EM SLOEs on competitiveness compared to faculty consensus and previously developed algorithms.