Incidence of Accommodations for Patients With Significant Vision Limitations in Physicians' Offices in the US.

Importance: Despite documented disparities in health care for patients with significant vision impairments and legal mandates that patients with disability receive equitable care, little is known about the extent to which physicians practicing in the US accommodate these patients in outpatient clinical settings.

Objective: To empirically explore the extent of basic accommodations physicians practicing in the US provide to patients with significant vision limitations in outpatient care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this physician survey study, randomly selected physicians were surveyed throughout the US on their attitudes toward patients with disability.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer and venous thromboembolic events.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used cancer treatments. There are limited data on the risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients on an ICI.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 2854 patients who received ICIs at a single academic centre.

Therapy use for U.S. school-aged children with developmental disabilities: State variation and determinants.

Background: Therapy services can support developmental needs, improve social emotional outcomes, and reduce persistent health inequities for children with developmental disabilities (DD). Receipt of therapy services may be especially timely when children with DD are school-aged, once diagnosis has often occurred. Yet limited knowledge exists on geographic variability and determinants of therapy use among school-aged U.

Neoadjuvant versus Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy is Associated with Improved Survival for Patients with Resectable Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer.

Background: The optimal timing of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with localized gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes between neoadjuvant and postoperative CRT for patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 152 patients with gastric (42%) or GEJ (58%) adenocarcinoma who underwent definitive surgical resection and received either neoadjuvant or postoperative CRT between 2005 and 2017 at the authors' institution.

Association of adverse prenatal exposure burden with child psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Objective: Numerous adverse prenatal exposures have been individually associated with risk for psychiatric illness in the offspring. However, such exposures frequently co-occur, raising questions about their cumulative impact. We evaluated effects of cumulative adverse prenatal exposure burden on psychopathology risk in school-aged children.

Obesity is associated with the Optic Neuritis severity in Male patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor of MS; a deeper biological understanding of this association is needed.

Objective: To evaluate the determinants of acute optic neuritis (AON) severity and recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We included 61 patients with MS with recorded AON severity and recovery according to visual acuity outcomes before, at, and, after the relapse.

Thrombosis, Bleeding, and the Observational Effect of Early Therapeutic Anticoagulation on Survival in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

Background: Hypercoagulability may be a key mechanism of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and examine the observational effect of early therapeutic anticoagulation on survival.

Design: In a multicenter cohort study of 3239 critically ill adults with COVID-19, the incidence of VTE and major bleeding within 14 days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission was evaluated.

The Effects of Ivacaftor on Bone Density and Microarchitecture in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

Context: Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance (CFTR) dysfunction may play a role in CF-related bone disease (CFBD). Ivacaftor is a CFTR potentiator effective in improving pulmonary and nutritional outcomes in patients with the G551D-CFTR mutation. The effects of ivacaftor on bone health are unknown.

Associations Between Disability and Breast or Cervical Cancers, Accounting for Screening Disparities.

Introduction: Studies suggest that women with disability experience disparities in routine, high-value screening services, including mammograms and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. However, few studies have explored whether women with disability have higher risks than other women of developing breast or cervical cancers.

Methods: The authors analyzed 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys, which involved civilian, noninstitutionalized US residents, and included supplemental surveys on cancer screening.

Phase 1 study of the HSP90 inhibitor onalespib in combination with AT7519, a pan-CDK inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: We conducted a phase 1 trial of the HSP90 inhibitor onalespib in combination with the CDK inhibitor AT7519, in patients with advanced solid tumors to determine the safety profile and maximally tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, preliminary antitumor activity, and to assess the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on HSP70 expression in patient-derived PBMCs and plasma.

Methods: This study followed a 3 + 3 trial design with 1 week of intravenous (IV) onalespib alone, followed by onalespib/AT7519 (IV) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-days cycle. PK and PD samples were collected at baseline, after onalespib alone, and following combination therapy.

Perceptions of prognosis and goal of treatment in patients with malignant gliomas and their caregivers.

Background: Patients with malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis. However, little is known about patients' and caregivers' understanding of the prognosis and the primary treatment goal.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas (N = 72) and their caregivers (N = 55).

Chemoradiation-Related Lymphopenia and Its Association with Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal.

Background: Although treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL) is common and associated with poorer survival in multiple solid malignancies, few data exist for anal cancer. We evaluated TRL and its association with survival in patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiation (CRT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 140 patients with nonmetastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with definitive CRT was performed.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Associations Between Four Common Cancers and Disability.

Background: Approximately 61 million Americans have a disability. Little research has explored whether disability is associated with subsequent diagnosis of cancer, the second-leading cause of death in the United States. The objective of this study was to explore associations between cancer and disability, focusing on 4 cancers that may present with nonspecific symptoms that could be conflated with aspects of disability, thus delaying cancer diagnoses.

Association of Gender With Learner Assessment in Graduate Medical Education.

Importance: Gender bias may affect assessment in competency-based medical education.

Objective: To evaluate the association of gender with assessment of internal medicine residents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multisite, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 6 internal medicine residency programs in the United States.

Temporal association of sNfL and gad-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder, which is characterized by relapses and remissions. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging biomarker of disease activity but its clinical use is still limited. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal association between sNfL and new clinical relapses and new gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions.

Healthcare access and adverse family impact among U.S. children ages 0-5 years by prematurity status.

Background: Many children and their families are affected by premature birth. Yet, little is known about their healthcare access and adverse family impact during early childhood. This study aimed to (1) examine differences in healthcare access and adverse family impact among young children by prematurity status and (2) determine associations of healthcare access with adverse family impact among young children born prematurely.

Clinical Practices for Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination Among US Pediatric International Travelers.

Importance: The US population is experiencing a resurgence of measles, with more than 1000 cases during the first 6 months of 2019. Imported measles cases among returning international travelers are the source of most US measles outbreaks, and these importations can be reduced with pretravel measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination of pediatric travelers. Although it is estimated that children account for less than 10% of US international travelers, pediatric travelers account for 47% of all known measles importations.

Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a substantial cause of comorbidity in people with HIV and there are no proven pharmacological treatments for the disease in this population. We assessed the effects of tesamorelin on liver fat and histology in people with HIV and NAFLD.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, multicentre study with identical placebo as a comparator was done in a hospital and a medical research centre in the USA.

Early molecular oxidative stress biomarkers of ischemic penumbra in acute stroke.

Objectives: To assess whether plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress predict diffusion-perfusion mismatch in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: We measured plasma levels of oxidative stress biomarkers such as F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoPs), total and perchloric acid Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC and ORAC), urinary levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguoanosine, and inflammatory and tissue-damage biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9) in a prospective study of patients with AIS presenting within 9 hours of symptom onset. Diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) MRI sequences were analyzed with a semiautomated volumetric method.

Multimodal quantitative imaging of brain cancer in cultured cells.

Fluorescence emission, polarization and subcellular localization of methylene blue (MB) were studied in four cancerous and two normal human brain cell lines. Fluorescence emission and polarization images were acquired and analyzed. The co-localization of MB with mitochondria, lysosomes and nuclei of the cells was evaluated.

Sexual Function, Quality of Life, and Mood After Radiation Therapy in Patients with Anal Cancer.

Purpose/objective(s): Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) results in high cure rates of anal cancer, with advanced radiation (RT) techniques improving toxicity. However, there is limited data regarding these patients' sexual function (SF), quality of life (QOL), and mood. We hypothesized that anal cancer treatment would result in detrimental effects on SF, QOL, and mood.

Differential Efficacy of Combined Phacoemulsification and Endocyclophotocoagulation in Open-angle Glaucoma Versus Angle-closure Glaucoma.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: This retrospective study found that combined phacoemulsification and endocyclophotocoagulation reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) to a greater degree in angle-closure glaucoma versus open-angle glaucoma and was effective for all stages of glaucoma.

Purpose: Endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) laser treatment of the ciliary processes is believed to decrease IOP by reducing aqueous production. Anecdotal experience in angle-closure glaucoma suggests that it may also lower IOP by opening the drainage angle to promote aqueous outflow.

Are rare cancer survivors at elevated risk of subsequent new cancers?

Background: Although rare cancers account for 27% of cancer diagnoses in the US, there is insufficient research on survivorship issues in these patients. An important issue cancer survivors face is an elevated risk of being diagnosed with new primary cancers. The primary aim of this analysis was to assess whether a history of rare cancer increases the risk of subsequent cancer compared to survivors of common cancers.