Pathways to care for psychosis in rural Uganda: Mixed-methods study of individuals with psychosis, family members, and local leaders.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of mental illness, with limited access to biomedical care. This study examined pathways to care for psychosis in rural Uganda, exploring factors influencing treatment choices.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in Buyende District, Uganda, involving 67 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions (data collection continued until thematic saturation was reached) with individuals with psychotic disorders, family members, and local leaders.

Serious mental health conditions and exposure to adulthood trauma in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: There is a strong link between trauma exposure and serious mental health conditions (SMHCs), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The majority of research in the field has focused on childhood trauma as a risk factor for developing an SMHC and on samples from high-income countries. There is less research on having an SMHC as a risk factor for exposure to traumatic events, and particularly on populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Enhancing quality of care for older adults: The age-friendly health system (4Ms framework) and the role of general medicine physicians as system-based complexologists.

The aging population presents critical challenges to global healthcare systems, with Japan expected to have 35% of its population aged 65 or older by 2040. Older adults often experience multimorbidity, cognitive impairments, and physical frailties, increasing healthcare utilization and costs. Traditional medical approaches that focus on organ-specific diagnoses are insufficient for addressing these multifaceted needs.

Development of a Japanese version of the patient perceptions of deprescribing - Short form.

Background: Deprescribing is a critical component of clinical practice, especially in geriatric medicine. Nevertheless, the attributes of patients who are prepared for, interested in, and could potentially benefit from deprescribing have not been well examined. The Patient Perceptions of Deprescribing (PPoD) evaluates patients' overall readiness for deprescribing and is complemented by an 11-item validated short form (SF-PPoD).

Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.

The placenta is vital to maternal and child health but often overlooked in pregnancy studies. Addressing the need for a more accessible and cost-effective method of placental assessment, our study introduces a computational tool designed for the analysis of placental photographs. Leveraging images and pathology reports collected from sites in the United States and Uganda over a 12-year period, we developed a cross-modal contrastive learning algorithm consisting of pre-alignment, distillation, and retrieval modules.

A specific and adaptable approach to track CD206 macrophages by molecular MRI and fluorescence imaging.

The mannose receptor (CD206, expressed by the gene ) is a surface marker overexpressed by anti-inflammatory and pro-tumoral macrophages. As such, CD206 macrophages play key roles in the immune response to different pathophysiological conditions and represent a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. However, methods to specifically target these cells remain challenging.

Who will benefit from vorasidenib? Review of data from the literature and open questions.

The clinical efficacy of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant (mIDH) gliomas is a significant therapeutic advancement in neuro-oncology. It expands treatment options beyond traditional radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which may lead to significant long-term neurotoxic effects while extending patient survival. The INDIGO study demonstrated that vorasidenib, a pan-mIDH inhibitor, improved progression-free survival for patients with grade 2 mIDH gliomas following surgical resection or biopsy compared to placebo and was well tolerated.

Neither Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate nor Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes After Surgical Management of Acetabular Labral Tears; However, Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate May Be Effective for Moderate Cartilage Damage: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To (1) systematically assess which orthobiologic agents are being used in acetabular labral repairs and (2) report all available outcomes for patients undergoing operative management for labral repairs with orthobiologic agents.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried in August 2023. Articles were included if they used an orthobiologic agent during hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral repair and reported functional outcomes.

Enhancing the psychological well-being and sleep quality of healthcare providers with a multimodal psychological support program: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly challenged the global healthcare system, especially frontline healthcare professionals, such as those working in intensive care units (ICUs). In late 2022, a sudden increase in COVID-19 cases in China led to a large number of ICU admissions, requiring new ICU staff (non-ICU professionals to work in ICUs), exacerbating their stress. This study aimed to develop an effective stress management strategy for new ICU professionals, focusing on reducing the detrimental effects of stress on their psychological state.

Mental Health Care Works: Insights From a Public Service Campaign.

The United States is experiencing a mental health crisis, with COVID-19 increasing the prevalence of mental health concerns and demand for services, but also leaving millions without care, including many who do not know that treatment is needed or available. The American Psychiatric Association Foundation's Mental Health Care Works campaign was informed by results from an assessment of mental health awareness and perceptions of adults in the United States. These results highlighted the need for more public education about the efficacy of mental health care and ongoing need to normalize treatment and make care more accessible and relatable.

Diagnostic Accuracy of S100B in Predicting Intracranial Abnormalities on CT Imaging Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of health loss and disabilities globally, burdening health care systems. Mild TBI is a common cause of emergency department visits. Computed tomography (CT) scans are the mainstay for acute TBI imaging.

Contralateral Neurovascular Coupling in Patients with Ischemic Stroke After Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Background: Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of aligning cerebral blood flow with neuronal metabolic demand. This study explores the potential of contralateral NVC-linking neural electrical activity on the stroke side with cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) on the contralesional side-as a marker of physiological function of the brain. Our aim was to examine the association between contralateral NVC and neurological outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke following endovascular thrombectomy.

Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup.

Introduction: The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

Methods: The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered.

How age and culture impact the neural correlates of memory retrieval.

Culture can shape memory, but little research has investigated age effects. The present study examined the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. A total of 207 participants encoded pictures of objects and, during fMRI scanning, completed a surprise object recognition task testing discrimination of similar and new from old items.

A Novel Isotropic Optical Fiber: Antimicrobial Effect of Blue Light on Drug Resistant Organisms.

Drug-resistant organisms (DROs) necessitate the development of new therapies. Antimicrobial blue light (ABL) is a promising option, utilizing photoexcitation of endogenous bacterial components to generate reactive oxygen species, leading to bacterial death. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a novel isotropic optical fiber under in-vitro conditions on multidrug-resistant gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-Pa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Evaluating the readability of FDA-approved JAK inhibitor medication guides in dermatology.

Prior studies have highlighted significant challenges in the readability of patient educational materials in dermatology, which may represent a barrier to optimal treatment outcomes. As newer Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) gain FDA approval and are integrated into treatment regimens, it is crucial for patients to understand their usage, risks, and benefits. We evaluated the readability of FDA-approved JAKi medication guides to see if lessons from prior readability studies have been incorporated into these newer materials.

Imaging and management of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.

The radiological manifestations of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) revolve around two main axes: the asymptomatic form and CPPD disease. The latter is a consequence of an immune response to calcium phosphate crystals. Chondrocalcinosis is broadly considered the radiographic manifestation of CPPD regardless of whether it is asymptomatic or associated with inflammatory arthritis.

Irritability and Social Media Use in US Adults.

Importance: Efforts to understand the complex association between social media use and mental health have focused on depression, with little investigation of other forms of negative affect, such as irritability and anxiety.

Objective: To characterize the association between self-reported use of individual social media platforms and irritability among US adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This survey study analyzed data from 2 waves of the COVID States Project, a nonprobability web-based survey conducted between November 2, 2023, and January 8, 2024, and applied multiple linear regression models to estimate associations with irritability.

Surgical Deescalation Within Gynecologic Oncology.

Importance: The goal of surgical deescalation is to minimize tissue damage, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce the adverse effects often associated with extensive or traditional surgical procedures. This shift toward less invasive techniques has the potential to revolutionize surgical practices, profoundly impacting the methods and training of future surgeons.

Objective: To evaluate adoption of surgical deescalation within the field of gynecologic oncology using The National Cancer Database.

Physician Payment Incentives and Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Active surveillance in men with less aggressive prostate cancer is inconsistently used despite clinical guidelines. Renumeration generally favors treatment over conservative management and may contribute to the variable adoption of active surveillance, which suggests that value-based payment incentives may promote guideline-concordant care.

Objective: To describe the adoption of active surveillance in low-risk prostate cancer, following the initiation of a novel payment incentive sponsored by a commercial payer to support its use.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Buprenorphine: An anesthesia-centric review.

Buprenorphine was synthesized in the 1960s as a result of a search for a safe and effective opioid analgesic. Present formulations of buprenorphine are approved for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. Its long duration of action, high affinity, and partial agonism at the µ-opioid receptor have established it as a mainstay treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Fracture characteristics and functional outcomes for Schatzker V/VI bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with a separate tubercle fragment: a comparative study.

Introduction: A separate tibial tubercle fragment (TF) is found in up to half of all bicondylar tibial plateau (BTP) fractures. Adequate healing of the TF is required to reconstitute the extensor mechanism of the knee. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after surgical fixation of BTP fractures with and without a TF.

Survival benefit associated with liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumor burden scores at listing.

Introduction: Liver transplantation (LT) provides significant survival benefits to patients with unresectable HCC. In the United States, organ allocation policies for HCCs within the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria do not prioritize patients based on their differences in oncological characteristics. This study assessed whether transplant-associated survival benefits (TASBs) vary among patients with different tumor burden scores (TBS) measured at the time of listing.