Malignancy Risk Associated With the Use of Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in the Management of Noninfectious Uveitis.

Purpose: Patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) can require treatment with systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT), but it is unclear whether IMT drug categories increase the risk of malignancy in NIU patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of systemic IMT in patients with NIU is associated with an increased risk of malignancy.

Design: Clinical cohort study.

Novel uses of complement inhibitors in myasthenia gravis-Two case reports.

Introduction/aims: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, life-threatening immune-related adverse effect (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. C5-complement inhibitors are effective treatments for acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR ab) positive generalized MG. We describe the use of eculizumab/ravulizumab in two patients with MG receiving concomitant pembrolizumab.

Efficacy and Safety of a Water-Free Topical Cyclosporine, 0.1%, Solution for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease: The ESSENCE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common public health problem with significant impact on vision-related quality of life and well-being of patients. Medications with rapid onset of action and a good tolerability profile remain an unmet need.

Objective: To assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a water-free cyclosporine ophthalmic solution, 0.

Patient Experiences With Thyroid Nodules: A Qualitative Interview Survey.

Objective: To qualitatively explore the broad set of preferences and attitudes patients have about thyroid nodules, which influence the decision-making process.

Study Design: A descriptive survey design was administered as interviews.

Setting: Outpatient thyroid surgery clinic.

Development of an interdisciplinary microtia-atresia care model: A single-center 20-year experience.

Objectives: Microtia and aural atresia are congenital ear anomalies with a wide-ranging spectrum of phenotypes and varied functional and psychosocial consequences for patients. This study seeks to analyze the management of microtia-atresia patients at our center over a 20-year period and to propose recommendations for advancing microtia-atresia care at a national level.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients presenting to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear (Boston, MA) for initial otolaryngology consultation for congenital microtia and/or aural atresia between 1999 and 2018.

Possible clinical implications of the structural variations between the tympanic membrane quadrants.

Introduction: Retraction pockets and marginal perforations of the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane (TM) are most commonly found at superior posterior quadrant (SPQ). The patulous Eustachian tube tends to manifest in the same quadrant. Variation in the structure of the TM may explain these observations.

Facial Palsy, Radiographic and Other Workup Negative: FROWN.

Objectives: Slow-onset peripheral facial palsy is far less common than acute-onset peripheral facial palsy and necessitates diagnostic evaluation for benign or malignant tumors or other less common etiologies. In the rare scenario in which no clarifying etiology is discovered following long-term evaluation (no radiographic or hematologic abnormalities and an otherwise unremarkable evaluation), a diagnostic and management dilemma occurs. We present a series of patients with this possible new clinical entity: Facial palsy, Radiographic and Other Workup Negative (FROWN) and propose a management strategy for this diagnosis of exclusion.

A Water-free 0.1% Cyclosporine A Solution for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Results of the Randomized Phase 2B/3 ESSENCE Study.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a topical water-free cyclosporine A formulation (CyclASol 0.1% ophthalmic solution) in comparison with vehicle for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: Three hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this prospective, 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, confirmatory, vehicle-controlled clinical study.

Otopathologic Abnormalities in CHARGE Syndrome.

Objective: To perform an otopathologic analysis of temporal bones (TBs) with CHARGE syndrome.

Study Design: Otopathologic study of human TB specimens.

Setting: Otopathology laboratories.

Conjunctival Actinic Granuloma: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study With a Review of the Literature and a Differential Diagnosis.

Purpose: To document a case of actinic granuloma (AG) of the conjunctiva, provide an extensive histopathologic and immunohistochemical description, review previously reported cases, and supply a differential diagnosis.

Methods: Both a retrospective chart review and comprehensive literature review were performed. The distinctive histopathologic pattern of the current case was defined with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (CD163, p63, and a Verhoeff-Van Gieson elastic stain).

[Estrogen and neurotological diders in womenSexual hormones and neurotological disorders in women].

Introduction: Estrogen are hormones linked to different stages of reproductive female system. Also are involved in detailed effects on the vestibular system. A review was performed about changes related to estrogens on the vestibular system, according to each phase of the female reproductive system.

Steroid-sparing maintenance immunotherapy for MOG-IgG associated disorder.

Objective: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) associated disorder (MOGAD) often manifests with recurrent CNS demyelinating attacks. The optimal treatment for reducing relapses is unknown. To help determine the efficacy of long-term immunotherapy in preventing relapse in patients with MOGAD, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study to determine the rate of relapses on various treatments.

Complex Intratarsal Cyst with a Mixed Ciliated Respiratory-Type and Squamous Epithelial Lining.

A 55-year-old woman developed a painless, non-ulcerated left upper eyelid swelling over 6 months. Examination disclosed a fluctuant mass that permitted movement of the eyelid skin over the lesion. A full-thickness eyelid resection contained a well-encapsulated cyst with milky contents that was predominantly located in the tarsus.

Lacrimal Gland Hamartoma (Formerly Termed Dacryoadenoma).

Purpose: Since the original description of "dacryadenoma" by Jakobiec and associates, the data on this unusual epibulbar lacrimal gland lesion remain sparse. The aim of this study was to characterize clinically, morphologically, and immunohistochemically this isolated epibulbar lacrimal gland lesion.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Real-Time Multiplex PCR Analysis in Infectious Uveitis.

: Infectious uveitis is a serious inflammatory condition that often causes grave ocular morbidity including permanent vision loss and damage to the structures of the eye. The most common causes of infectious uveitis include herpesviruses and . Traditionally, these infections have been identified and differentiated based on characteristic clinical examination findings; however, there is often overlap between these presentations and the unique cause of a given patient's infection is not always clear.

A Review of the Role of Cytogenetics in the Diagnosis of Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Approximately 10% arise in the orbit, where the embryonal type is most common variant. The alveolar variant is less frequent and has a worse prognosis.

Chew on This: Emergency Imaging of the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands-What the Clinician Really Needs to Know.

Nontraumatic emergencies of the oral cavity, sublingual and submandibular spaces, and salivary glands are common and those requiring imaging will most often be infectious in nature. However, noninfectious pathologies such as sialolithiasis, autoimmune sialoadenitis, and soft tissue swelling due to angioedema or hemorrhage are also important conditions that radiologists must be familiar with in order to inform the clinician of critical imaging findings that can have a profound impact on patient outcomes. To understand these pathologies, familiarity with the anatomy of these spaces is essential.

A Multinational Comparison of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Use: The United States, the United Kingdom, and Asia-Pacific.

Purpose: A comparison of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medication use across multiple countries.

Clinical Relevance: Anti-VEGF medication use is now considered first-line treatment for numerous retinal diseases globally. Exploring medication choices, costs within each healthcare system, policy challenges, emerging treatments, and patient access all provide insight into a newly recognized and major public health issue.

A Clinical Phase II Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Waterfree Cyclosporine Formulation for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of waterfree cyclosporine formulation (CyclASol) at 2 concentrations (0.1% and 0.05% of cyclosporine [CsA]) to vehicle when applied twice daily for 16 weeks in patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Experience with pharmacologic leeching with bivalirudin for adjunct treatment of venous congestion of head and neck reconstructive flaps.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to review the feasibility of local bivalirudin injection for adjunct treatment of venous congestion of head and neck reconstructive flaps.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent bivalirudin treatment for venous congestion of head and neck reconstructive flaps in a single institution from September 1, 2012 to September 1, 2015 was undertaken. Individuals were treated with variable number of intradermal injections directly into the flap followed by a small skin incision to allow extended passive bleeding.