Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence.

A compilation of factors over the past decade-including the availability of increasingly large and rich healthcare datasets, advanced technologies to extract unstructured information from health records and digital sources, advancement of principled study design and analytic methods to emulate clinical trials, and frameworks to support transparent study conduct-has ushered in a new era of real-world evidence (RWE). This review article describes the evolution of the RWE era, including pharmacoepidemiologic methods designed to support causal inferences regarding treatment effects, the role of regulators and other health authorities in establishing distributed real-world data networks enabling analytics at scale, and the many global guidance documents on principled methods of producing RWE. This article also highlights the growing opportunity for RWE to support decision making by regulators, health technology assessment groups, clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders and provides examples of influential RWE studies.

Graphene-based single-atom catalysts for electrochemical CO reduction: unraveling the roles of metals and dopants in tuning activity.

Discovering electrocatalysts that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO) to valuable fuels and feedstocks using excess renewable electricity is an emergent carbon-neutral technology. A single metal atom embedded in doped graphene, , single-atom catalyst (SAC), possesses high activity and selectivity for electrochemical CO reduction (COR) to CO, yet further reduction to hydrocarbons is challenging. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we investigate stability and reactivity of a broad SAC chemical space with various metal centers (3d transition metals) and dopants (2p dopants of B, N, O; 3p dopants of P, S) as electrocatalysts for COR to methane and methanol.

Lyme neuroborreliosis in Japan: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato as a cause of meningitis of previously undetermined etiology in hospitalized patients outside of the island of Hokkaido, 2010-2021.

Background And Purpose: Clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (LB), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), include erythema migrans, Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), carditis, and arthritis. LB is a notifiable disease in Japan with <30 surveillance-reported LB cases annually, predominately from Hokkaido Prefecture. However, LB, including LNB, may be under-diagnosed in Japan since diagnostic tests are not readily available.

Blended phenotype of TECPR2-associated hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy and Temple syndrome.

Uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) can cause mixed phenotypes of imprinting disorders and autosomal-recessive diseases. We present the case of a 3-year-old male with a blended phenotype of TECPR2-related hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN9) and Temple syndrome (TS14) due to maternal UPiD of chromosome 14, which includes a loss-of-function founder variant in the TECPR2 gene [NM_014844.5: c.

Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.

Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is highly prevalent in late life and a common co-pathology with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC is a slowly progressive, amnestic clinical syndrome. Alternatively, when present with ADNC, LATE-NC is associated with a more rapid course.

Exposure Contrasts of Women Aged 40-79 Years during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to adverse health outcomes among women aged 40-79. Little is known about how shifting from biomass cooking to a cleaner fuel like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) could impact exposures for this population. We report 24-h exposures to particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) among women aged 40 to <80 years participating in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial.

The Environmental and Public Health Benefits of Offshore Wind Power Deployment in China.

With the rapid decline in the levelized cost, offshore wind power offers a new option for the clean energy transition of the power sector in China's coastal areas. Here, we develop a power system capacity expansion and operation optimization model to simulate the penetration of offshore wind power in China and quantify the associated health effects. We find that offshore wind power has great potential in mitigating the negative impacts of existing coal-fired power emissions.

Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization: Development of Divergent Acyl and Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling reactions provide rapid and modular access to enantioenriched building blocks from simple electrophile precursors. Reductive coupling reactions that can diverge through a common organometallic intermediate to two distinct families of enantioenriched products are particularly versatile but underdeveloped. Here, we describe the development of a bis(oxazoline) ligand that enables the desymmetrization of -anhydrides.

Plasmon Dynamics in Nanoclusters: Dephasing Revealed by Excited States Evaluation.

The photocatalytic efficiency of materials such as graphene and noble metal nanoclusters depends on their plasmon lifetimes. Plasmon dephasing and decay in these materials is thought to occur on ultrafast time scales, ranging from a few femtoseconds to hundreds of femtoseconds and longer. Here we focus on understanding the dephasing and decay pathways of excited states in small lithium and silver clusters and in plasmonic states of the π-conjugated molecule anthracene, providing insights that are crucial for interpreting optical properties and photophysics.

Disentangling emotional source memory: a mega-analysis on the effects of emotion on item-context binding in episodic long-term memory.

Introduction: It has long been known that highly arousing emotional single items are better recollected than low arousing neutral items. Despite the robustness of this memory advantage, emotional arousing events may not always promote the retrieval of source details (i.e.

Discovering genetic modulators of the protein homeostasis system through multilevel analysis.

Every protein progresses through a natural lifecycle from birth to maturation to death; this process is coordinated by the protein homeostasis system. Environmental or physiological conditions trigger pathways that maintain the homeostasis of the proteome. An open question is how these pathways are modulated to respond to the many stresses that an organism encounters during its lifetime.

Prognostic significance of immune reconstitution following CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma.

Immune deficits after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can be long-lasting, predisposing patients to infections and non-relapse mortality. In B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), the prognostic impact of immune reconstitution (IR) remains ill-defined, and detailed cross-product comparisons have not been performed to date. In this retrospective observational study, we longitudinally characterized lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels in 105 B-NHL patients to assess patterns of immune recovery arising after CD19 CAR-T.

De Novo Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis Covered Stent Treatment for Resistant Hypertension (ARTISAN) Results.

Background: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) may provoke hypertension and/or impaired kidney function. Some patients develop uncontrolled hypertension and deteriorating kidney function despite optimal medical therapy. In these patients, endovascular treatment is an important therapeutic option.

Percutaneous Mechanical Aspiration for Infective Endocarditis: Proceedings From an Inaugural Multidisciplinary Summit and Comprehensive Review.

The clinical presentation and epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE) have evolved over time. While the cornerstones of IE treatment remain antimicrobial therapy and surgery, percutaneous mechanical aspiration (PMA) has emerged as an option for carefully selected patients as a complementary modality, based on retrospective data, case series, and expert experience. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the proceedings from an inaugural summit dedicated to the discussion of PMA in the global management of IE, consisting of experts across multiple disciplines from diverse geographic regions and care environments.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Super High-Pressure Balloon (SIS-OPN) for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Introduction: The super high-pressure NC balloon (OPN NC; SIS Medical AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) is increasingly used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy and safety.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify studies using the OPN NC balloon in PCI.

Direct-to-consumer semen analysis products: Content, accountability, and adherence to clinical guidelines.

Background: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) semen analysis (SA) products obviate barriers that deter men from clinic testing and have made strides in providing higher quality data. However, it is unclear how well these products adhere to the 2021 WHO guidelines on examination and processing of human spermatozoa as they pertain to the evaluation of male fertility.

Objective: We investigate the content and adherence to clinical guidelines associated with consumer-facing information on DTC analysis products.

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.

Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation.

Objectives: Supplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea.

The Relationships between Subjective Wellbeing and Frailty: Staying with a Positive Mind, Stepping away from Accelerated Aging.

Background: Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a crucial measure of life quality in older adults. Understanding its relationship with frailty may inform strategies to promote healthy aging.

Methods: We analyzed data for older adults aged ≥ 60 years old from Waves 3 and 4 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Wilson disease in the USA: epidemiology and real-world patient characteristics based on a retrospective observational health claims study.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, patient characteristics and comorbidities in patients with Wilson disease (WD) in the USA.

Design: Retrospective, population-based study.

Setting: The study used the US Komodo claims database containing records regarding medical claims for over 120 million individuals.