Advanced Automated Model for Robust Bone Marrow Segmentation in Whole-body MRI.

Rationale And Objectives: To establish an advanced automated bone marrow (BM) segmentation model on whole-body (WB-)MRI in monoclonal plasma cell disorders (MPCD), and to demonstrate its robust performance on multicenter datasets with severe myeloma-related pathologies.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort comprised multi-vendor, multi-protocol imaging data acquired with varying field strength across 8 different centers. In total, 210 WB-MRIs of 207 MPCD patients were included.

Exploring Pain and Opioid Misuse Among Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia: Associations With Health Literacy and Pain Catastrophizing.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate pain characteristics, opioid misuse prevalence, and the relationship between healthliteracy and pain catastrophising in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected from patients with SCD in Oman.

Azygos Vein Stenosis in Frontotemporal Dementia Sagging Brain Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Symptoms indistinguishable from behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can develop in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with severe brain sagging. An underlying spinal CSF leak can be identified in only a minority of these patients and the success rate of nondirected treatments, such as epidural blood patching and dural reduction surgery, is low. The disability associated with bvFTD sagging brain syndrome is high and, because of the importance of the venous system in the pathophysiology of CSF leaks in general, we have investigated the systemic venous circulation in those patients with recalcitrant symptoms.

PET Quantification in Healthy Humans of Cyclooxygenase-2, a Potential Biomarker of Neuroinflammation.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is present in a healthy brain at low densities but can be markedly upregulated by excitatory input and by inflammogens. This study evaluated the sensitivity of the PET radioligand [C]-6-methoxy-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)--(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine ([C]MC1) to detect COX-2 density in a healthy human brain. The specificity of [C]MC1 was confirmed using lipopolysaccharide-injected rats and transgenic mice expressing the human gene, with 120-min baseline and blocked scans using COX-1 and COX-2 selective agents.

KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation, Management, and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represents the first KDIGO guideline on this subject. Its scope includes nomenclature, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevalence; kidney manifestations; chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and progression, kidney failure, and kidney replacement therapy; therapies to delay progression of kidney disease; polycystic liver disease; intracranial aneurysms and other extrarenal manifestations; lifestyle and psychosocial aspects; pregnancy and reproductive issues; pediatric issues; and approaches to the management of people with ADPKD. The guideline has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, with the goal to generate a useful resource for healthcare providers and patients by providing actionable recommendations.

B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy combined with irradiation is effective in targeting bulk and radiation-resistant chordoma cancer cells.

Background: Chordoma is a slow-growing, primary malignant bone tumor that arises from notochordal tissue in the midline of the axial skeleton. Surgical excision with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, but high local recurrence rates are reported even with negative margins. High-dose radiation therapy (RT), such as with proton or carbon ions, has been used as an alternative to surgery, but late local failure remains a problem.

Leveraging mRNA technology for antigen based immuno-oncology therapies.

The application of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology in antigen-based immuno-oncology therapies represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines are an effective combinatorial partner to sensitize the host immune system to the tumor and boost the efficacy of immune therapies. Selecting suitable tumor antigens is the key step to devising effective vaccinations and amplifying the immune response.

Worldwide epidemiology of paediatric multiple sclerosis: data from the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS, third edition.

Background: Limited data are available on the global rates of paediatric multiple sclerosis. Here, we report on the estimated worldwide prevalence of paediatric MS.

Methods: We included paediatric prevalence data in 2020-2022 (Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS) and the prevalence of child neurologists (International Child Neurology Association).

Temperature and myocardial infarction among migrants in Kuwait.

Background: Kuwait, one of the world's hottest countries, faces increasing temperatures due to climate change. With a large migrant population predominantly employed in physically demanding jobs, the exact effects and burdens of temperature exposure on cardiovascular risk among this population remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature and myocardial infarction (MI) risk among migrants in Kuwait.

Association between adverse perinatal events and postpartum depressive symptoms in a North American prospective preconception cohort study.

Background: Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) is critical to inform early intervention efforts. This study investigated the impact of adverse perinatal events on PPD.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a North American prospective preconception cohort study.

Association of neighborhood Child Opportunity Index with visual outcomes in children with unilateral pediatric cataract.

Purpose: To demonstrate the association between neighborhood quality, using the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and the visual outcomes in children with unilateral pediatric cataract.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients ≤18 years of age who presented at Boston Children's Hospital between 2000 and 2022 with unilateral cataracts and underwent cataract extraction. The collected data included patient demographics, residential addresses, the reason for the initial presentation, the age at presentation, the morphology of the cataract, and the final visual acuity.

The association between county-level social determinants of health and cardio-kidney-metabolic disease attributed all-cause mortality in the US: A cross sectional analysis.

Background: The American Heart Association recently defined cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome as the intersection between metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the contemporary estimates of CKM related mortality in the US is essential for developing targeted public interventions.

Methods: We analyzed state-level and county-level CKM-associated all-cause mortality data (2010-2019) from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER).

Embracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiotherapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions.

This white paper examines the potential of pioneering technologies and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions in advancing clinical trials involving radiotherapy. As the field of radiotherapy evolves, the integration of cutting-edge approaches such as radiopharmaceutical dosimetry, FLASH radiotherapy, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and AI promises to improve treatment planning, patient care, and outcomes. Additionally, recent advancements in quantum science, linear energy transfer/relative biological effect (LET/RBE), and the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy create new avenues for innovation in clinical trials.

Prediction of implant failure risk due to periprosthetic femoral fracture after primary elective total hip arthroplasty : a simplified and validated model based on 154,519 total hip arthroplasties from the Swedish Arthroplasty Register.

Aims: While cementless fixation offers potential advantages over cemented fixation, such as a shorter operating time, concerns linger over its higher cost and increased risk of periprosthetic fractures. If the risk of fracture can be forecasted, it would aid the shared decision-making process related to cementless stems. Our study aimed to develop and validate predictive models of periprosthetic femoral fracture (PPFF) necessitating revision and reoperation after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Like, share, and spike: Glioblastoma progenitors influence neuronal excitability at the glioma-neural interface.

Writing in Neuron, Zhang et al. identify a subpopulation of glioblastoma cells from patient tumor samples with progenitor-like features that expresses the potassium ion channel KCND2. In mouse and organoid models, these cells enhance neural activity at the glioma-neural interface.

Risk of carcinomas among children and adolescents with birth defects.

Background: Birth defects are associated with childhood cancer, but little is known regarding pediatric carcinomas, a group of especially rare tumors.

Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any carcinoma, as well as thyroid, hepatocellular, and renal carcinoma specifically, up to 18 years of age among children with major, non-syndromic anomalies or chromosomal/genetic syndromes, relative to unaffected children.

Results: Our registry-linkage study included nine states and 21,933,476 children between 1990 and 2018: 641,827 with non-syndromic anomalies, and 49,619 with syndromes.

Development of a drug allergy alert tiering algorithm for penicillins and cephalosporins.

Introduction: Limited research is available regarding recommendations about which drug allergy alerts (DAAs) in clinical decision support (CDS) systems should interrupt provider workflow. The objective was to evaluate the frequency of penicillin and cephalosporin DAA overrides at two institutions. A secondary objective was to redesign DAAs using a new tiered alerting system based on patient factors.

Sensory reweighting for balance in people living with Parkinson's Disease: Postural adaptation, muscle co-contraction, and perceptual delays.

Background: Postural instability is common in people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD), increasing their risk of injurious falls. Evidence suggests a sensory reweighting deficit in PwPD, along with compensatory muscle co-contraction in response to postural challenges. During balance tasks requiring sensory reweighting, older adults exhibit elevated postural sway and muscle co-contraction, as well as longer perceptual delays, compared to young adults.

Evaluation and Management of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

The purpose of this review is to serve as an update on congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) evaluation and management for obstetrician-gynecologists and to provide a framework for counseling birthing people at risk for or diagnosed with a primary CMV infection or reactivation or reinfection during pregnancy. A DNA virus, CMV is the most common congenital viral infection and the most common cause of nongenetic childhood hearing loss in the United States. The risk of congenital CMV infection from transplacental viral transfer depends on the gestational age at the time of maternal infection and whether the infection is primary or nonprimary.