The Impact of Addiction Consultation and Medication for Opioid or Alcohol Use Disorder on Hospital Readmission.

Background: Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) are frequently hospitalized and readmitted. Hospitalization is an opportunity for treatment initiation, including medications for alcohol (MAUD) and opioid use disorder (MOUD). Addiction consult teams are one model for increasing hospital-based SUD treatment.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

A review of deep learning for brain tumor analysis in MRI.

Recent progress in deep learning (DL) is producing a new generation of tools across numerous clinical applications. Within the analysis of brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging, DL finds applications in tumor segmentation, quantification, and classification. It facilitates objective and reproducible measurements crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring.

Double resonance spectroscopy reveals structure and dynamics near transition states.

A shared ambition of molecular spectroscopy and molecular dynamics is to establish the truths of chemical intuition on solid physical bedrock. Experimental characterization of the transition state was thought unattainable, but modern techniques have begun to achieve the incredible.

Deeper response predicts better outcomes in high-risk-smoldering-myeloma: results of the I-PRISM phase II clinical trial.

Early therapeutic intervention in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (HR-SMM) has shown benefits, however, no studies have assessed whether biochemical progression or response depth predicts long-term outcomes. The single-arm I-PRISM phase II trial (NCT02916771) evaluated ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in 55 patients with HR-SMM. The primary endpoint, median progression-free survival (PFS), was not reached (NR) (95% CI: 57.

Mechanistic evaluation of enhanced graphene toxicity to Bacillus induced by humic acid adsorption.

The extensive application of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has raised concerns over risks to sensitive species in the aquatic environment. The humic acid (HA) corona is traditionally considered to reduce GNSs toxicity. Here, we evaluate the effect of sorbed HA (GNSs-HA) on the toxicity of GNSs to Gram positive Bacillus tropicus.

Assessing the need for specialty consultation for isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

Objective: This objective was to assess if the current practice of interfacility transfer and immediate specialty consult is justified by the rate of surgical repair for isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

Study Design: This is a retrospective descriptive study utilizing the records of all patients with isolated medial orbital wall fractures who presented to the ED at Boston Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2022. A descriptive analysis was completed.

Decellularization and Enzymatic Digestion Methods to Enhance ECM Protein Detection via MALDI-MS Imaging.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been used to generate spatial maps of lipids, metabolites, peptides, proteins, and glycans in tissues; however, its use for mapping extracellular matrix (ECM) protein distributions is underexplored. ECM proteins play a major role in various pathological conditions, and changes in their spatial distributions affect the function and morphology of cells within tissues. ECM protein detection is challenging because they are large, insoluble, and undergo various post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation.

Localized In Vivo Prodrug Activation Using Radionuclides.

Radionuclides used for imaging and therapy can show high molecular specificity in the body with appropriate targeting ligands. We hypothesized that local energy delivered by molecularly targeted radionuclides could chemically activate prodrugs at disease sites while avoiding activation in off-target sites of toxicity. As proof of principle, we tested whether this strategy of radionuclide-induced drug engagement for release (RAiDER) could locally deliver combined radiation and chemotherapy to maximize tumor cytotoxicity while minimizing off-target exposure to activated chemotherapy.

Outcomes of venous sinus stenosis stenting in patients with pulsatile tinnitus and sigmoid sinus wall anomalies.

Background: Transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) and sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs) are the most common causes of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). While these conditions may co-occur, they usually require different management approaches. This study aims to evaluate whether TSS stenting alone, without targeted treatment of SSWAs, is sufficient to resolve PT in patients presenting with PT, TSS, and SSWAs.

Comparative analysis of injuries related to self-harm, assault, and intimate partner violence: insights from U.S. Emergency Departments (2005-2021).

Background: Emergency departments are on the front lines of non-fatal self-harm injury (SHI). This study identifies patterns in patients presenting to emergency departments with SHI compared with patients presenting with assault and intimate partner violence.

Methods: Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program database, we analyzed SHI cases in the emergency department from 2005 to 2021 and examined demographic characteristics, injury mechanism and anatomic location, emergency department disposition and temporal patterns relative to cases involving assault and intimate partner violence.

Fast EEG/MEG BEM-Based Forward Problem Solution for High-Resolution Head Models.

A fast BEM (boundary element method) based approach is developed to solve an EEG/MEG forward problem for a modern high-resolution head model. The method utilizes a charge-based BEM accelerated by the fast multipole method (BEM-FMM) with an adaptive mesh pre-refinement method (called b-refinement) close to the singular dipole source(s). No costly matrix-filling or direct solution steps typical for the standard BEM are required; the method generates on-skin voltages as well as MEG magnetic fields for high-resolution head models within 90 seconds after initial model assembly using a regular workstation.

Development of an FKBP12-recruiting chemical-induced proximity DNA-encoded library and its application to discover an autophagy potentiator.

Chemical inducers of proximity (CIPs) are molecules that recruit one protein to another and introduce new functionalities toward modulating protein states and activities. While CIP-mediated recruitment of E3 ligases is widely exploited for the development of degraders, other therapeutic modalities remain underexplored. We describe a non-degrader CIP-DNA-encoded library (CIP-DEL) that recruits FKBP12 to target proteins using non-traditional acyclic structures, with an emphasis on introducing stereochemically diverse and rigid connectors to attach the combinatorial library.

Characteristics Associated With Early Ileocolonic Resection in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Pediatric-onset Crohn's disease (CD) has a more severe phenotype than adult-onset, and nearly one-third of pediatric CD patients will require surgical therapy. There is limited data on patient/disease characteristics that are associated with earlier surgical management.

Methods: All pediatric CD patients (<22 yrs) who underwent ileocolectomy from 2005 to 2021 were included.

Trends in Iatrogenic Error-Related Mortality in the US From 1999 to 2020: Age-Period-CohortAnalysis.

Introduction: There is a noticeable lack of information on iatrogenic error (IE)-related deaths in the United States. To address this, we conducted a retrospective analysis examining temporal, regional, urbanization, and age-related trends in IE-related mortality from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database, we identified crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 persons.

Adsorption behaviors of microplastics from packaging materials subjected to ultraviolet irradiation and microbial colonization.

Microplastics (MPs) in nature inevitably undergo various aging processes and may exhibit varied interfacial interactions with the coexisted contaminants. Here several discarded disposable polyethylene and polypropylene plastic packaging materials were collected and employed as the raw materials of MPs, and the effects of stimulated UV irradiation and microbial colonization on the variations of surface physicochemical characteristics, including biofilm content, oxygen-containing functional groups, oxygen/carbon ratio, hydrophilicity and surface charge properties were explored. Simultaneously, the adsorption behavior of each MPs on the representative cationic dye crystal violet (CV), as well as the influences of salinity and pH of CV solution, was investigated.

Neural regulation of pain anticipation is associated with mindful behavior change in patients with anxiety or depression: A pilot study.

Behavior change often requires overcoming discomfort or difficult emotions. Emotional dysregulation associated with anxiety or depression may prevent behavior change initiation among people managing chronic illness. Mindfulness training may catalyze chronic disease self-management by reducing experiential avoidance of aversive experiences that act as barriers to change initiation.

Impact of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on pancreatic lipase activity in emulsions: Multispectral, molecular docking, and in vitro digestion analysis.

2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an additive used in food packaging. The inhibitory effects of 2,4-DTBP on pancreatic lipase (PL) were investigated in this study. Kinetic analysis indicated that 2,4-DTBP competitively and reversibly inhibited PL activity.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Multi-modal comparison of molecular programs driving nurse cell death and clearance in Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis.

The death and clearance of nurse cells is a consequential milestone in Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. In preparation for oviposition, the germline-derived nurse cells bequeath to the developing oocyte all their cytoplasmic contents and undergo programmed cell death. The death of the nurse cells is controlled non-autonomously and is precipitated by epithelial follicle cells of somatic origin acquiring a squamous morphology and acidifying the nurse cells externally.