Rome Foundation Working Team Report: Consensus Statement on the Design and Conduct of Behavioural Clinical Trials for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

Background: Brain-gut behaviour therapies (BGBT) have gained widespread acceptance as therapeutic modalities for the management of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). However, existing treatment evaluation methods in the medical field fail to capture the specific elements of scientific rigour unique to behavioural trial evaluation.

Aims: To offer the first consensus on the development and testing of BGBT in DGBI.

χ-sepnet: Deep Neural Network for Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation.

Magnetic susceptibility source separation (χ-separation), an advanced quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method, enables the separate estimation of paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility source distributions in the brain. Similar to QSM, it requires solving the ill-conditioned problem of dipole inversion, suffering from so-called streaking artifacts. Additionally, the method utilizes reversible transverse relaxation ( ) to complement frequency shift information for estimating susceptibility source concentrations, requiring time-consuming data acquisition for (e.

Computational Investigation of the Role of Metal Center Identity in Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Model Reactivity.

Mononuclear Fe enzymes such as heme-containing cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a variety of C-H activation reactions under ambient conditions, and they represent an attractive platform for engineering reactivity through changes to the native enzyme. Using density functional theory, we study both native Fe and non-native group 8 (Ru, Os) and group 9 (Ir) metal centers in an active site model of P450. We quantify how changing the metal changes spin state preferences throughout the catalytic cycle.

Cross-titration from risperidone to clozapine utilizing clozapine serum concentrations: A case report.

Introduction: Clozapine and risperidone are second-generation antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are no guidelines on cross-titration of antipsychotics and, additionally, there is a paucity of published data to support the potential utility of using serum drug levels to guide dosing in these situations.

Case Report: A 68-year-old female patient with a history of schizophrenia, taking risperidone and fluoxetine, and a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was admitted to the hospital after a fall at home.

A Friendlier "Kinda" Social System: Male Kinda Baboons Invest in Long-Term Social Bonds With Females.

Objectives: Certain group-living mammals-including many primates-exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (Papio sp.) are particularly well-characterized.

Aging and Cancer-Inextricably Linked Across the Lifespan.

Aging (as old man wind) alters the trajectory of cancer (dangerous seas) through changes in the immune system and metabolism (among many others), leading to altered cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses, as represented by the research areas (boats)-artwork by Michael DeGregori.

Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

Assessing fecal contamination from human and environmental sources using as an indicator in rural eastern Ethiopian households-a cross-sectional study from the EXCAM project.

Introduction: Enteric pathogens are a leading causes of diarrheal deaths in low-and middle-income countries. The Exposure Assessment of Infections in Rural Ethiopia (EXCAM) project, aims to identify potential sources of bacteria in the genus and, more generally, fecal contamination of infants during the first 1.5 years of life using as indicator.

Evaluation of Healthcare Outcomes of Patients Treated with 3D-Printed-Titanium and PEEK Cages During Fusion Procedures in the Lumbar Spine.

Purpose: The objective of this observational, real-world study was to describe reoperation, revision, index healthcare utilization and hospital costs among patients treated with PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or 3D-printed-titanium cages during lumbar/lumbosacral posterior fusion procedures, either TLIF (transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) or PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Statistical comparisons were not conducted.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study.

Emirates consensus recommendations on cardiovascular risk management in type 2 diabetes.

Background: The combination of cardiovascular disease and diabetes is a highly prevalent condition in the United Arab Emirates. Development and dissemination of evidence-based regional recommendations for optimal screening, treatment and referrals of people with diabetes and high cardiovascular risk is an important priority.

Consensus Panel: An expert panel of diabetologists, endocrinologists and cardiologists from the Emirates Cardiac Society and Emirates Diabetes and Endocrine Society as well as different entities in the UAE, discussed and reviewed evidence and also a consensus report from the American Diabetes Association to formulate contextualized recommendations that could be applied for optimal management of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes in the UAE.

Antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of antidiabetic agents on mortality outcomes is unclear for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are hospitalized for COVID-19.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in individuals with DM hospitalized for COVID-19.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature (2020-2024) was performed across five databases.

The impact of different exercise modalities on chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Introduction: Exercise is widely recognized for its benefits to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the specific impact of different exercise modalities on CKD-related outcomes remains unclear. This study sought to summarize the effects of different exercise modalities on the main outcomes impacted by CKD.

Therapeutic effects of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles on viral myocarditis correlate with biomolecular content.

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can potently inhibit inflammation yet there is a lack of understanding about the impact of donor characteristics on the efficacy of EVs. The goal of this study was to determine whether the sex and age of donor platelet-derived EVs (PEV) affected their ability to inhibit viral myocarditis.

Methods: PEV, isolated from men and women of all ages, was compared to PEV obtained from women under 50 years of age, which we termed premenopausal PEV (pmPEV).

Splenic Infarct: A Rare Complication of Infectious Mononucleosis in a Monospot-Negative Patient.

Splenic infarction with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) has been reported as a rare complication of IM. The monospot test, often used to diagnose EBV-related IM, may produce false-negative results, especially in atypical presentations or early stages of infection. This report describes the case of a monospot-negative patient who developed splenic infarction as a complication of IM.

Deep cryptic diversity in the Species Group (Anura: Craugastoridae) of Isthmian Central America revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear data.

The Species Group contains eleven species of terraranan frogs distributed from eastern Honduras to eastern Panama. All species have remarkable color pattern polymorphisms, which may contribute to potential taxonomic problems. We performed exhaustive sampling throughout the geographic distribution of the group to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of all named species based on two mitochondrial markers and nuclear ddRAD loci.

Prospective Trial of a Passive Diversion Device to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination.

Background: Blood culture contaminants can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use, prolonged length of stay, and additional hospital costs. Several devices have been developed to reduce the risk of blood culture contamination by diverting a portion of the initial blood sample from the blood culture bottle. We assessed the effectiveness of 1 blood diversion device (BDD) in a prospective trial performed at the 2 separate emergency departments (EDs) of an academic medical center.

panniculitis in a cat from northern California.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat from northern California was evaluated for a 12-month history of dermal and subcutaneous dermatitis in the inguinal region. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy revealed severe, chronic, multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis, accompanied by ulceration and central necrosis. Aerobic bacterial culture of lesions yielded mycobacterial growth.

Age-related disturbances in rest-activity rhythms and integrity of the hippocampal network: An exploratory study.

To better understand the relationship between the rest-activity rhythms and cognitive impairments during aging, we assessed the longitudinal changes in the rest-activity rhythms in an elderly population and their possible detrimental effect on the hippocampal network. This was done longitudinally in a rural cohort with two actigraphic assessments and brain imaging examinations, seven years apart. A segmentation of the hippocampus and its related structures was used to assess volumes and functional connectivity in this network based on anatomical and resting state functional data.

Fabrication and functional validation of a hybrid biomimetic nanovaccine (HBNV) against -mutant melanoma.

Cancer nanovaccines hold the promise for personalization, precision, and pliability by integrating all the elements essential for effective immune stimulation. An effective immune response requires communication and interplay between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumor cells, and immune cells to stimulate, extend, and differentiate antigen-specific and non-specific anti-tumor immune cells. The versatility of nanomedicine can be adapted to deliver both immunoadjuvant payloads and antigens from the key players in immunity (i.

Targeting Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism for Radiosensitization of KRAS Mutant 3D Lung Cancer Models.

Mutations in the KRAS oncogene can mediate resistance to radiation. KRAS mutation (mut) driven tumors have been reported to express cancer stem cell (CSC)-like features and may harbor metabolic liabilities through which CSC-associated radioresistance can be overcome. We established a radiation/drug screening approach that relies on the growth of 3D spheres under anchorage-independent and lipid-limiting culture conditions, which promote stemness and lipogenesis.

Opportunities in Bottlebrush Block Copolymers for Advanced Materials.

Bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) are a unique class of materials that contain a backbone with densely grafted and chemically distinct polymeric side chains. The nonlinear architecture of BBCPs provides numerous degrees of freedom in their preparation, including control over key parameters such as grafting density, side chain length, block arrangement, and overall molecular weight. This uniquely branched structure provides BBCPs with several important distinctions from their linear counterparts, including sterically induced side chain and backbone conformations, rapid and large self-assembled nanostructures, and reduced or eliminated entanglement effects (assuming sufficient grafting density and that the molecular weight of the side chains is below their respective entanglement molecular weight).

Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Paper Lateral Flow Strip for Point-of-Care Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens.

Currently commercial colorimetric paper lateral flow immunoassays exhibit insufficient limit of detection (LOD) and limited clinical sensitivity toward the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which causes a high false negative rate. To mitigate this issue, a new plasmon-enhanced fluorescence probe was developed for paper lateral flow strips (PLFSs). The probe is made of a sandwich-structured Ag-core@silica@dye@silica-shell nanoparticle in which fluorescent dyes are sandwiched between the plasmonic Ag core and the silica outer shell, and the separation distance between the Ag core and the dye molecules is controlled by the silica space layer.

Effects of Lipid Headgroups on the Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Cellular Internalization of Liposomes.

We performed all-atom and coarse-grained simulations of lipid bilayer mixtures of the unsaturated lipid DOPC, with saturated lipids having the same 18-carbon acyl tails and different headgroups, to understand their mechanical properties. The secondary lipids were DSPG, DSPA, DSPS, DSPC, and DSPE. The DOPC:DSPG system with 65:35 molar ratio was the softest, with area compressibility modulus ∼ 22% smaller than the pure DOPC value.