The primary mechanism for highly potent inhibition of HIV-1 maturation by lenacapavir.

Lenacapavir (LEN) is a highly potent, long-acting antiretroviral medication for treating people infected with muti-drug-resistant HIV-1 phenotypes. The inhibitor targets multifaceted functions of the viral capsid protein (CA) during HIV-1 replication. Previous studies have mainly focused on elucidating LEN's mode of action during viral ingress.

The effects of xylazine on locomotion and motor behaviour in a planarian model.

In recent years, the recreational use of xylazine has increased dramatically in the USA. Although xylazine has been used as an anesthetic in veterinary medicine for decades, little is known about its behavioral effects. We took advantage of the planarian's innate negative phototaxis, the reliable movement from the light side to the dark side of a Petri dish, to explore the organism's suitability as an animal model for investigating the preclinical pharmacology of xylazine.

Coordinated neuron-glia regeneration through Notch signaling in planarians.

Some animals can regenerate large missing regions of their nervous system, requiring mechanisms to restore the pattern, numbers, and wiring of diverse neuron classes. Because injuries are unpredictable, regeneration must be accomplished from an unlimited number of starting points. Coordinated regeneration of neuron-glia architecture is thus a major challenge and remains poorly understood.

Comprehensive guide for epigenetics and transcriptomics data quality control.

Host response to environmental exposures such as pathogens and chemicals can include modifications to the epigenome and transcriptome. Improved signature discovery, including the identification of the agent and timing of exposure, has been enabled by advancements in assaying techniques to detect RNA expression, DNA base modifications, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility. The interrogation of the epigenome and transcriptome cascade requires analyzing disparate datasets from multiple assay types, often at single-cell resolution, derived from the same biospecimen.

White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network.

The somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) consists of three nodes interspersed within Penfield's motor effector regions. The configuration of the somato-cognitive action network nodes resembles the one of the 'plis de passage' of the central sulcus: small gyri bridging the precentral and postcentral gyri. Thus, we hypothesize that these may provide a structural substrate of the somato-cognitive action network.

Developing predictive nomogram models using quantitative electroencephalography for brain function in type a aortic dissection: a prospective observational study.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) remains a significant challenge in cardiac surgery, presenting high risks of adverse outcomes such as permanent neurological dysfunction and mortality despite advances in medical technology and surgical techniques. This study investigates the use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to monitor and predict neurological outcomes during the perioperative period in TAAD patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the hospital, involving patients undergoing TAAD surgery from February 2022 to January 2023.

Multifunctional DNA-Collagen Biomaterials: Developmental Advances and Biomedical Applications.

The complexation of nucleic acids and collagen forms a platform biomaterial greater than the sum of its parts. This union of biomacromolecules merges the extracellular matrix functionality of collagen with the designable bioactivity of nucleic acids, enabling advances in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, gene delivery, and targeted therapy. This review traces the historical foundations and critical applications of DNA-collagen complexes and highlights their capabilities, demonstrating them as biocompatible, bioactive, and tunable platform materials.

Impact of Race/Ethnicity on Clinical and Genomic Characteristics, Trial Participation, and Genotype-Matched Therapy among Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background: Race/ethnicity may affect outcomes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) due to biological and social determinants. We evaluated the impact of race/ethnicity on clinical, socioeconomic, and genomic characteristics, clinical trial participation, and receipt of genotype-matched therapy among patients with MBC.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with MBC who underwent cell-free DNA testing (cfDNA, Guardant360â, 74 gene panel) between 11/2016 and 11/2020 was conducted.

EValuating Glucose ContrOL Using a Next-GeneraTION Automated Insulin Delivery Algorithm in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The EVOLUTION Study.

This study evaluated a next-generation automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithm for Omnipod in type 1 and type 2 diabetes across multiple phases: 14-day run-in with usual therapy, 48-h AID use in a hotel setting (type 1 only), and up to 6 weeks of outpatient AID use. Participants did, or did not, deliver manual boluses at alternating periods. Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes completed the hotel phase; 9 of those 12 plus 8 adults with type 2 diabetes completed the subsequent outpatient phase.

Long Term Outcomes of Transplant Recipients Comparing Belatacept vs. Tacrolimus: A UNOS Database Analysis.

Calcineurin inhibitors have been the choice for maintenance immunosuppression (IS) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), but they are associated with nephrotoxicity and metabolic side effects. We aim to compare the long-term outcomes of KTR on belatacept (bela) versus tacrolimus (tac) IS, in all KTRs and various subgroups. Using the UNOS-STAR files, we identified adult first-KTR from 2010 to 2022.

Technical advances in laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream infections.

Introduction: Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for the effective treatment of bloodstream infection (BSI).

Areas Covered: This review aims to address novel and traditional approaches that exhibit different performance characteristics in the diagnosis of BSI. In particular, the authors will discuss the pros and cons of the blood culture-based phenotypic methods, nucleic acid-targeted molecular methods, and host response-targeted biomarker detection in the diagnosis of BSI.

Case Report: ESR1::CITED2 Fusion in a Malignant Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare, typically benign uterine tumor occurring over a wide age range (mean 52.4 yr). UTROSCTs often harbor translocations between ESR1 and nuclear receptor coactivators NCOA1-NCOA3.

Validation of Tumor Budding as a Prognostic Factor in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Using an Independent Cohort.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an endometriosis-related neoplasm, in which traditional histologic grading does not show prognostic significance. Tumor budding was associated with poorer outcomes in OCCC in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor budding in OCCC in an independent cohort.

Integrated care for mental health in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-synthesis by the International League Against Epilepsy Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force.

Mental health (MH) comorbidities are prevalent among people with epilepsy (PWE), but many experience challenges accessing care. To address this, suggestions have been made to integrate MH care into epilepsy care settings, yet the current approaches, benefits, and implementation determinants to MH care integration are unclear. This review aims to synthesize existing integrated MH care models for PWE to inform the development and planning of future initiatives.

AI for all: bridging data gaps in machine learning and health.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subset, machine learning, have tremendous potential to transform health care, medicine, and population health through improved diagnoses, treatments, and patient care. However, the effectiveness of these technologies hinges on the quality and diversity of the data used to train them. Many datasets currently used in machine learning are inherently biased and lack diversity, leading to inaccurate predictions that may perpetuate existing health disparities.

Proteomic Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer Identifies CAPN1 as a Key Regulator of NF1 and RET Fueled Growth.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a frequently metastatic tumor of the thyroid that develops from the malignant transformation of C-cells. These tumors most commonly have activating mutations within the RET or RAS proto-oncogenes. Germline mutations within RET result in C-cell hyperplasia, and cause the MTC pre-disposition disorder, multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2A (MEN2A).

"It's Like You're Feeding Your Child Twice": Barriers and Facilitators to Human Milk Feeding Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guidelines recommend human milk (HM) as the ideal source of nutrition for children with CF (cwCF). Despite known pulmonary and nutritional benefits, fewer cwCF ever receive HM compared to the general population. Early nutrition choices are preference-sensitive, yet little is known about the factors that impede or sustain HM feeding among parents of cwCF.