Spontaneous oxycodone withdrawal disrupts sleep, diurnal, and electrophysiological dynamics in rats.

Opioid dependence is defined by an aversive withdrawal syndrome upon drug cessation that can motivate continued drug-taking, development of opioid use disorder, and precipitate relapse. An understudied but common opioid withdrawal symptom is disrupted sleep, reported as both insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Despite the prevalence and severity of sleep disturbances during opioid withdrawal, there is a gap in our understanding of their interactions.

H-Dots: Renal Clearable Zwitterionic Nanocarriers for Disease Diagnosis and Therapy.

Nanocarriers have shown significant promise in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, utilizing a wide range of biocompatible materials such as metals, inorganic substances, and organic components. Despite diverse design strategies, key physicochemical properties, including hydrodynamic diameter, shape, surface charge, and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, are crucial for optimizing biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy. However, these properties are often influenced by drug payload, presenting an ongoing challenge in developing versatile platform technologies for theranostics.

Permeability Benchmarking: Guidelines for Comparing , , and Measurements.

Permeability is a measure of the degree to which cells can transport molecules across biological barriers. Units of permeability are distance per unit time (typically cm/s), where accurate measurements are needed to define drug delivery in homeostasis and to model dysfunction occurring during disease. This perspective offers a set of community-led guidelines to benchmark permeability data across multidisciplinary approaches and different biological contexts.

Morphogenesis of bacterial cables in polymeric environments.

Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, laboratory studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies.

Versatile adhesive skin enhances robotic interactions with the environment.

Electronic skins endow robots with sensory functions but often lack the multifunctionality of natural skin, such as switchable adhesion. Current smart adhesives based on elastomers have limited adhesion tunability, which hinders their effective use for both carrying heavy loads and performing dexterous manipulations. Here, we report a versatile, one-size-fits-all robotic adhesive skin using shape memory polymers with tunable rubber-to-glass phase transitions.

Architects of immunity: How dendritic cells shape CD8 T cell fate in cancer.

Immune responses against cancer are dominated by T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Recent advances have underscored the critical role of early priming interactions in establishing T cell fates. In this review, we explore the importance of dendritic cell (DC) signals in specifying CD8 T cell fates in cancer, drawing on insights from acute and chronic viral infection models.

Assessing the impact of messages about reduced nicotine cigar products among people who use little cigar and cigarillo: Insights from a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pursuit of a low nicotine standard for cigarettes raises concerns that a focus on cigarettes may encourage people to use other combusted tobacco products, undermining the policy's effectiveness.

Protocol to infer off-target effects of drugs on cellular signaling using interactome-based deep learning.

Drugs that target specific proteins often have off-target effects. We present a protocol using artificial neural networks to model cellular transcriptional responses to drugs, aiming to understand their mechanisms of action. We detail steps for predicting transcriptional activities, inferring drug-target interactions, and explaining the off-target mechanism of action.

Identifying Risk Factors of Children Who Suffered Physical Abuse: A Systematic Review.

Background: Approximately 25% of children in the United States experience child abuse or neglect, 18% of whom are physically abused. Physicians are often in a position to differentiate accidental trauma from physical child abuse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review recent literature for risk factors associated with physical child abuse.

Thought-Feeling Accuracy in Person Perception and Metaperception: An Integrative Perspective.

People often want to know what their interaction partners are thinking. How accurate are they, what information do they use, what predicts how accurate they will be, and does accuracy matter? We organize our review of thought-feeling accuracy, defined as the accuracy of individuals' judgments about the content of another person's thoughts and feelings in live interaction, around these questions. At the same time, we argue that often people are especially interested in what others are thinking about them, such that research on the accuracy of individuals' metaperceptions regarding others' views of them is highly relevant to understanding thought-feeling accuracy more broadly construed.

Ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) is a mediator of aquaporin-2 S256 phosphorylation and membrane accumulation after EGFR inhibition with erlotinib.

Vasopressin (VP) activates protein kinase A (PKA), resulting in phosphorylation events and membrane accumulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with erlotinib also induces AQP2 membrane trafficking with a phosphorylation pattern similar to VP, but without increasing PKA activity. Here, we identify the ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) as a major mediator phosphorylating AQP2 in this novel, erlotinib-induced pathway.

Effectiveness of behavioural and psychological interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural and psychological interventions for managing paediatric obesity.

Methods: Eligible studies, published between 1985 and 2022, included 0 to 18 year olds with outcomes reported ≥3 months post-baseline, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic and anthropometric outcomes, and adverse events (AEs). We pooled data using a random effects model and assessed certainty of evidence (CoE) related to minimally important difference estimates for outcomes using GRADE.

Exploring the link between inflammation and brain function after metabolic-bariatric surgery: A year-long fMRI study.

Background: Metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) transcends weight loss and offers wide-ranging health benefits, including positive effects on brain function. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear, particularly in the context of significant postoperative changes in the inflammatory profile characteristic of MBS. Understanding how inflammation influences postoperative brain function can enhance our decision-making on patient eligibility for MBS and create new opportunities to improve the outcomes of this popular treatment.

The power of personas: Exploring an innovative model for understanding stakeholder perspectives in an oncology learning health network.

Introduction: Learning health networks (LHNs) improve clinical outcomes by applying core tenets of continuous quality improvements (QI) to reach community-defined outcomes, data-sharing, and empowered interdisciplinary teams including patients and caregivers. LHNs provide an ideal environment for the rapid adoption of evidence-based guidelines and translation of research and best practices at scale. When an LHN is established, it is critical to understand the needs of all stakeholders.

Perceptions of Palliative Care Among Patients With Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: A Qualitative Study.

Rationale & Objective: Nearly half of kidney transplant recipients develop allograft failure within 10 years of transplantation and experience high mortality, significant symptom burden, and complex communication challenges. These patients may benefit from palliative care, but palliative care is infrequently provided in this population. This study explores palliative care perceptions and needs among patients with poorly functioning and declining kidney allografts.

Improved patient reported outcomes with knotless double-row rotator cuff repair with and without lateral row biceps tenodesis at 2- and 5-years.

Background: The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of an arthroscopic knotless double-row (DR) rotator cuff repair (RCR) technique at 2- and 5- years postoperatively, and to compare clinical outcomes in patients undergoing knotless DR RCR with incorporated lateral row biceps tenodesis (LRT) vs. those without LRT.

Methods: All primary RCR surgeries were performed by a single surgeon at a single institution using a knotless transosseous equivalent (TOE) technique.

Intracardiac Teratoma in a Patient With Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor.

This case report describes the management of a 30-year-old male patient with a history of an advanced nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, hip fracture complicated by extensive deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and on apixaban presenting with asymptomatic intracardiac teratoma and abdominopelvic metastases. Multidisciplinary intervention, including successful surgical excision of the intracardiac mass, highlights the importance of coordinated care and vigilant follow-up in optimizing patient outcomes and preventing life-threatening complications.

Atypical Location of Papillary Fibroelastoma in a Patient With Significant Oncologic History.

This report discusses the case of a 57-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer and gastric cancer, germline CDH1 gene mutation, who presented to the hospital with syncope. Diagnostic workup revealed a mass in the right ventricular outflow tract. Transcatheter biopsy suggested papillary fibroelastoma, which was confirmed with surgical pathology.

Large Free-Floating Left Atrial Ball Thrombus With Intermittent Mitral Valve Occlusion.

An 83-year-old man with known history of atrial fibrillation presented for preoperative evaluation for elective left nephrectomy for cancer. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large, free-floating, left atrial mass. Further profiling with transesophageal echocardiogram showed a free-floating mass intermittently obstructing the mitral valve.

Incidence of dementia in the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study over 20 years.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to estimate the population-based dementia incidence in Germany over a period of two decades.

Methods: We analyzed data from 4814 participants of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (49.8% men, 45-75 years at baseline period 2000-2003), who have been monitored for the occurrence of cognitive decline and dementia.

Ocular Injuries and Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of death and disability across the world. We sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular injuries in IPV.

Recent Findings: Literature review revealed 16 published studies that evaluated ocular injuries in IPV, of which the study types included 9 retrospective studies, 2 prospective, 1 review, 1 invited commentary, 2 case reports, and 1 population-based cross-sectional survey.