Systematic Review of Pre-injury Migraines as a Vulnerability Factor for Worse Outcome Following Sport-Related Concussion.

Background: Individuals with migraine disorders may be affected differently by concussions compared to individuals without migraine disorders. Prior studies on this topic have had mixed results. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine clinical outcomes following a sport-related concussion in athletes who have a pre-injury history of migraines.

Acute Effects of Concussion in Adolescent Athletes With High Preseason Anxiety.

Objective: To examine associations between pre-existing anxiety symptoms, and symptoms and cognitive functioning acutely following a suspected concussion.

Design: Nested case-control study.

Setting: High schools in Maine, USA.

Psychological Contributions to Symptom Provocation Testing After Concussion.

Objective: Following concussion, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue may transiently worsen or reemerge with increased exertion or activity. Standardized tests have been developed to assess symptom increases following aerobic, cognitive, or vestibular/oculomotor challenge. Although neurophysiological mechanisms are proposed to underlie symptom increases following exertion, psychological factors such as anxiety and misinterpretation of normal bodily sensations may also play a role.

Clinical Outcome following Sport-Related Concussion among Children and Adolescents with a History of Prior Concussion: A Systematic Review.

Authoritative sources advise clinicians and parents that a history of prior concussion confers increased risk for worse outcome from a future concussion. However, the strength of the evidence supporting such pronouncements and thus the extent to which clinicians should incorporate this information into their care and management of pediatric concussion is unclear. This systematic review critically analyzed and synthesized the literature on the association between a history of prior concussion and prognosis/clinical outcome following a subsequent sport-related concussion among children and adolescents.

Examining for Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Ventricular Enlargement in Retired Elite-Level Rugby League Players.

Objective: A cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) has been reported as a visible brain anomaly in normal individuals as well in some former combat and collision sport athletes. The appearance of CSP with fenestrations and ventricular enlargement are considered associated features of the neuropathological diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The current study examined CSP anatomic features and lateral ventricle size in retired elite rugby league players and controls.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Outcome from Concussion: Examining Duration of Active Rehabilitation and Clinical Recovery.

Aims: The objective of this study was to compare recovery time and duration of active rehabilitation following concussion between adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adolescents presenting to a specialty concussion clinic. One-quarter of the eligible episodes of care were selected.

Interpreting change on the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the one-year test-retest reliability of Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition component scores and provide recommendations for interpreting change on its component tests.

Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted across two years via the Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students (ACHIEVES) Project.

Methods: Participants were 219 children (ages 11 to 12, M = 11.

High-School Football and Midlife Brain Health Problems.

Objective: To examine whether middle-aged men who played high-school football experience worse mental health or cognitive functioning than men who did not play high-school football.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Online survey completed remotely.

Anxiety Is Associated With Diverse Physical and Cognitive Symptoms in Youth Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic.

Introduction: Pre-injury and post-injury anxiety are prevalent and important to consider in the medical management of concussions in youth. We examined the association between anxiety and other physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms in injured adolescents and young adults undergoing an initial evaluation in a specialty concussion clinic.

Methods: Participants were 158 adolescents and young adults presenting to a multidisciplinary concussion clinic for evaluation and treatment (54.

The Frequency of Low Scores on ImPACT in Adolescent Student-Athletes: Stratification by Race and Socioeconomic Status Using Multivariate Base Rates.

This study examined the associations between the frequency of low scores on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) by race and socioeconomic status (SES), using the proxy of Title I school status, among adolescent student-athletes and calculated multivariate base rates. There were 753 participants assigned to groups based on race (White: = 430, 59.8%; Black: = 289, 40.

Greater Acute Concussion Symptoms Are Associated With Longer Recovery Times in NCAA Division III Collegiate Athletes.

We examined the association between the severity of acute concussion symptoms and time to return to school and to sports in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III collegiate athletes. We hypothesized that students with the lowest burden of acute symptoms, measured in the first 72 h, would have the fastest return to school and sports and those with the highest burden of symptoms would have the slowest return to school and sports. This injury surveillance cohort included 808 athletes from 11 NCAA Division III colleges who sustained a concussion between 2014 and 2019.

Lifetime History of Concussion Among Youth With ADHD Presenting to a Specialty Concussion Clinic.

Child and adolescent student athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report a greater lifetime history of concussion than those without ADHD. This case-control study compared youth with and without ADHD presenting for care at a specialty concussion clinic on their lifetime history of concussion. We hypothesized that a greater proportion of youth with ADHD would report a history of prior concussion.

Preseason Symptom Reporting and Cognition in Middle School Athletes with Past Concussions.

This study examined the association between past concussions and current preseason symptom reporting and cognitive performance in 9,257 youth ages 11-13. Participants completed neurocognitive testing prior to participating in a school sports between 2009 and 2019. We stratified the sample by gender and number of prior concussions and assessed group differences on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale total score and the ImPACT cognitive composite scores.

Methodology Matters: Comparing Approaches for Defining Persistent Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Some people experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A meaningful clinical classification and scientific progress are hampered by a lack of consensus regarding the phenomenology, assessment, and operationalization of PPCS. Here we demonstrate and evaluate how the methodology used to assess and define persistent symptoms after mTBI influences PPCS as a binary outcome.

Feasibility of Concussion Rehabilitation Approaches Tailored to Psychological Coping Styles: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a clinical trial involving participants with concussion randomized to treatments designed to address fear avoidance or endurance coping, which are risk factors for disability. A secondary objective was to evaluate whether each treatment could affect selective change on targeted coping outcomes.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Development of a Machine-Learning-Based Classifier for the Identification of Head and Body Impacts in Elite Level Australian Rules Football Players.

Exposure to thousands of head and body impacts during a career in contact and collision sports may contribute to current or later life issues related to brain health. Wearable technology enables the measurement of impact exposure. The validation of impact detection is required for accurate exposure monitoring.

Concussion Among Children in the United States General Population: Incidence and Risk Factors.

The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general population. This prospective cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Children were recruited from schools across the US, sampled to reflect the sociodemographic variation of the US population.

A Case-Control Study of Tackle-Based Head Injury Assessment (HIA) Risk Factors in the National Rugby League.

Background: The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in rugby union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in rugby union by examining the association between tackle characteristics and head injury events in professional rugby league.

Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change Estimates for Four Mobile Cognitive Tests Administered Virtually in Community-Dwelling Adults.

: Remote mobile cognitive testing (MCT) is an expanding area of research, but psychometric data supporting these measures are limited. We provide preliminary data on test-retest reliability and reliable change estimates in four MCTs from SWAY Medical, Inc. Fifty-five adults from the U.

Unexpected symptoms after concussion: Potential links to functional neurological and somatic symptom disorders.

Objective: Reporting of unexpected symptoms after concussion might, in some people, reflect a Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD), or exaggeration (feigning). This study aimed to determine whether reporting unexpected symptoms after concussion was associated with risk factors for FND/SSD, exaggeration, or both.

Method: Adults with persistent symptoms following concussion (N = 77; 61% women) rated the presence and severity of unexpected neurological symptoms (from the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms scale, e.

Predictors and Correlates of Perceived Cognitive Decline in Retired Professional Rugby League Players.

Rugby league is an international full-contact sport, with frequent concussive injuries. Participation in other full-contact sports such as American football has been considered to be a risk factor for neuropsychiatric sequelae later-in-life, but little research has addressed the mental and cognitive health of retired professional rugby league players. We examined predictors and correlates of perceived (self-reported) cognitive decline in retired National Rugby League (NRL) players.