Fabrication and functional validation of a hybrid biomimetic nanovaccine (HBNV) against -mutant melanoma.

Cancer nanovaccines hold the promise for personalization, precision, and pliability by integrating all the elements essential for effective immune stimulation. An effective immune response requires communication and interplay between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumor cells, and immune cells to stimulate, extend, and differentiate antigen-specific and non-specific anti-tumor immune cells. The versatility of nanomedicine can be adapted to deliver both immunoadjuvant payloads and antigens from the key players in immunity (i.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, Version 1.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma and affects an estimated 1,500 people annually in the United States. DFSP frequently exhibits extensive local infiltration. Initial treatment is through surgical excision, and care should be taken to ensure that negative margins are achieved to minimize recurrence.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2025.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Lung Cancer Screening provide criteria for selecting individuals for screening and offer recommendations for evaluating and managing lung nodules detected during initial and subsequent annual screening. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening.

TBK1 Targeting Is Identified as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance CAR T-Cell Efficacy Using Patient-Derived Organotypic Tumor Spheroids.

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as a treatment of solid tumors. Multiple tumor microenvironmental factors are thought to contribute to resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors, and appropriate model systems to identify and examine these factors using clinically relevant biospecimens are limited. In this study, we examined the activity of B7-H3-directed CAR T cells (B7-H3.

Impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents on tumor outcome in the context of cancer immunotherapy with highlight on melanoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents (SSIAs) for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) on tumor outcome is not well-known. This systematic review evaluates tumor outcomes for corticosteroid (CS) monotherapy versus CS with SSIA (CS-SSIA) for irAE treatment with a focus on melanoma.

Methods: Search was conducted through 1/5/23 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science.

Targeting molecular pathways to control immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment but are frequently associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This article offers a novel synthesis of findings from both preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving irAEs across diverse organ systems. It examines key immune cells, such as T cell subsets and myeloid cells, which are instrumental in irAE pathogenesis, alongside an in-depth analysis of cytokine signaling [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-4), interferon γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)], integrin-mediated interactions [integrin subunits αITGA)4 and ITGB7], and microbiome-related factors that contribute to irAE pathology.

Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal, Endometrial, and Gastric, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Multigene panel testing has allowed for the detection of a growing number of inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in people at high risk of cancer, including endometrial cancer (EC). Hereditary syndromes associated with EC include Lynch syndrome, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. This manuscript provides the latest recommendations from the NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal, Endometrial, and Gastric on the screening and management of EC in patients at high risk for these syndromes, as well as the advantages and limitations of multigene panel testing.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Survivorship, Version 2.2024.

The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship include recommendations for screening, evaluation, and treatment of psychosocial and physical problems resulting from adult-onset cancer and its treatment. They also include recommendations to promote healthy behaviors and immunizations in survivors and provide a framework for care coordination. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel's current recommendations regarding sexual health and fertility.

Neurotoxicity and Rare Adverse Events in BCMA-Directed CAR T Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Real-World FAERS Data.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapies have emerged as a valuable treatment modality for patients with plasma cell disorders. As the population of patients receiving CAR T therapies grows, the identification and management of associated rare toxicities become increasingly crucial. This study aims to identify safety signals associated with commercial anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T therapies using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Development of a fibrin-targeted theranostic for gastric cancer.

Patients with advanced gastric cancer (GCa) have limited treatment options, and alternative treatment approaches are necessary to improve their clinical outcomes. Because fibrin is abundant in gastric tumors but not in healthy tissues, we hypothesized that fibrin could be used as a high-concentration depot for a high-energy beta-emitting cytotoxic radiopharmaceutical delivered to tumor cells. We showed that fibrin is present in 64 to 75% of primary gastric tumors and 50 to 100% of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma cores.

Overcoming Resistance Mechanisms to Melanoma Immunotherapy.

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized treatment of advanced melanoma. While most patients derive survival benefit from established immunotherapies, notably monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1, a subset does not optimally respond due to the manifestation of innate or acquired resistance to these therapies. Combination regimens have proven efficacious relative to single-agent blockade, but also yield high-grade treatment toxicities that are often dose-limiting for patients.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities, Version 2.2024.

The NCCN Guidelines for the Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities are intended to provide oncology practitioners with guidance on how to manage the wide-ranging and potentially fatal toxicities that may occur with cancer immunotherapy. The guidelines address immune-related adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cell therapies, and lymphocyte engagers (which include T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies). These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight recent guideline updates pertaining to the management of emerging toxicities related to cancer immunotherapy.

Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a common cause of pain and disability in the United States. Many patients experience pain that is refractory or unable to be treated by traditional treatments such as exercise, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. For patients with medically refractory disease, intra-articular corticosteroid therapy, hyaluronic acid, or surgery can be considered.

Finding the right friends: Stromal composition influences TLS formation in ovarian cancer.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, MacFawn et al. reveal that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) vary significantly by anatomical site. They highlight a distinct stromal composition associated with TLS formation, with cancer-educated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) inversely linked to TLS activity and patient prognosis.

Dynamic Evolution of Fibroblasts Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer remains a high unmet medical need. Understanding the interactions between stroma and cancer cells in this disease may unveil new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

A Translational Study of the ATR Inhibitor Berzosertib as Monotherapy in Four Molecularly Defined Cohorts of Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Preclinical studies have identified molecular correlates of sensitivity to ATR inhibition. This translational study was designed to test the ATR inhibitor berzosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors carrying alterations in ATRX, ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), genes conferring replication stress (RS), or SDH.

Patients And Methods: Patients were recruited to four cohorts: T1: ATRX-mutant leiomyosarcoma; T2: ATM-mutant solid tumors; T3: solid tumors with mutations in RS-associated genes; and T4: SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).