"They never appear on TV and if they have, I might have missed that moment." How publics in South Africa and Germany view visible scientists.

Academic interest in scientists who regularly appear in the media dates back to Rae Goodell's seminal book "The visible scientists", in which she lists distinct characteristics of visible scientists, including being controversial, articulate, colorful, and reputable as a scientist. Visible scientists thus share relevant media-related characteristics that stand out in their portrayal as a group and are reminiscent of other celebrities' characteristics. However, questions arise: what is special about the celebrity being a scientist? How many and what types of scientists fall into this category? What are the peers' and the public's expectations towards the social role of the visible scientist? To date, work on visible scientists has focused on theorizing them in the context of the relationship between science and its publics and empirical studies have mainly sought to characterize visible scientists and focused on single countries.

Efficient Double-Layer Evaporators with Adjustable Pores for Sustainable Solar Evaporation.

Solar-driven desalination technology is currently an important way to obtain freshwater resources. Significantly, porous materials are used as substrate materials of interface solar evaporator, and their specific impact of water transport property and thermal management during evaporation is worth exploring. In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sponges were prepared by a chemical foaming method, adjusted the PVA polymerization degree, and formaldehyde-hydroxyl ratio to regulate the pore size, and polypyrrole (PPy) was grown in situ on the surface skeleton of PVA sponge to construct a new interfacial solar evaporator (PPy/PVA) with different pore structures.

Impact of Ligand-Induced Oligomer Dissociation on Enzyme Diffusion, Directly Observed at the Single-Molecule Level.

The existence of the phenomenon of enhanced enzyme diffusion (EED) has been a topic of debate in recent literature. One proposed mechanism to explain the origin of EED is oligomeric enzyme dissociation. We used mass photometry (MP), a label-free single-molecule technique, to investigate the dependence of the oligomeric states of several enzymes on their ligands.

Self-Assembled Oligomers Facilitate Amino Acid-Driven CO Capture at the Air-Aqueous Interface.

Direct air capture of CO using amino acid absorbents, such as glycine or sarcosine, is constrained by the relatively slow mass transfer of CO through the air-aqueous interface. Our recent study showed a marked improvement in CO capture by introducing CO-permeable oligo-dimethylsiloxane (ODMS-MIM) oligomers with cationic (imidazolium, MIM) headgroups. In this work, we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in combination with subensemble analysis using network theory to provide a detailed molecular picture of the behavior of CO and the glycinate anions (Gly) at the ODMS-MIM decorated air-aqueous interfaces.

Selective Depolymerization for Sculpting Polymethacrylate Molecular Weight Distributions.

Chain-end reactivation of polymethacrylates generated by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has emerged as a powerful tool for triggering depolymerization at significantly milder temperatures than those traditionally employed. In this study, we demonstrate how the facile depolymerization of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) can be leveraged to selectively skew the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and predictably alter the viscoelastic properties of blended PBMA mixtures. By mixing polymers with thermally active chain ends with polymers of different molecular weights and inactive chain ends, the MWD of the blends can be skewed to be high or low by selective depolymerization.

Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-like Structures in Craniosynostosis.

Background: Patients with craniosynostosis are at high risk of developing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) causing papilledema and secondary optic atrophy. Diagnosing and monitoring optic neuropathy is challenging because of multiple causes of vision loss including exposure keratopathy, amblyopia, and cognitive delays that limit examination. Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are an optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding reported in association with papilledema and optic neuropathy.

Effective Field Theory of Conformal Boundaries.

We introduce an effective field theory (EFT) for conformal impurity by considering a pair of transversely displaced impurities and integrating out modes with mass inversely proportional to the separation distance. This EFT captures the universal signature of the impurity seen by a heavy local operator. We focus on the case of conformal boundaries and derive universal formulas from this EFT for the boundary structure constants at high energy.

Laser Wakefield Acceleration of Ions with a Transverse Flying Focus.

The extreme electric fields created in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions could generate energetic ions far more compactly than traditional accelerators. Despite this promise, laser-plasma accelerator experiments have been limited to maximum ion energies of ∼100  MeV/nucleon. The central challenge is the low charge-to-mass ratio of ions, which has precluded one of the most successful approaches used for electrons: laser wakefield acceleration.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Measurement of Λ_{b}^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Λ Decay Parameters Using Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} Decays.

A comprehensive study of the angular distributions in the bottom-baryon decays Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-}(h=π,K), followed by Λ_{c}^{+}→Λh^{+} with Λ→pπ^{-} or Λ_{c}^{+}→pK_{S}^{0} decays, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The decay parameters and the associated charge-parity (CP) asymmetries are measured, with no significant CP violation observed. For the first time, the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} decay parameters are measured.

Multimodal Study of Murine Cardiovascular Remodeling: Four-Dimensional Ultrasound and Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Damage in the cardiovascular system can be due to environmental exposure, trauma, drug toxicity, or numerous other factors. As a result, cardiac tissue and vasculature undergo structural changes and display diminished function.

Development of a novel molecular probe for visualizing mesothelin on the tumor via positron emission tomography.

Objectives: Mesothelin (MSLN) is an antigen that is overexpressed in various cancers, and its interaction with tumor-associated cancer antigen 125 plays a multifaceted role in tumor metastasis. The serum MSLN expression level can be detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; however, non-invasive visualization of its expression at the tumor site is currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a molecular probe for imaging MSLN expression through positron emission tomography (PET).

The correlation between blastocyst morphological parameters and chromosomal euploidy, aneuploidy and other chromosomal abnormalities following pre-implantation genetic testing-a single center retrospective study.

Purpose: To examine the association between blastocyst morphology and chromosomal status utilizing pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study including 169 in-vitro fertilization cycles that underwent PGT-A using Next Generation Sequencing (2017-2022). Blastocysts were morphologically scored based on Gardner and Schoolcraft's criteria.

Biochemical features and biotechnological potential of a proteolytic extract from a psychrophilic Antarctic bacterium.

Proteases are hydrolases that act on peptide bonds, releasing amino acids and/or oligopeptides, and are involved in essential functions in all organisms. They represent an important segment of the global enzyme market, with applications in the food, leather, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries. Depending on their industrial use, proteases should exhibit high activity under extreme conditions, such as low temperatures, e.

Is There a Need to Reassess Protein Intake Recommendations Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery?

Purpose Of Review: Protein intake is recognized as a key nutritional factor crucial for optimizing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) outcomes by preventing protein malnutrition, preserving fat-free mass, and inducing satiety. This paper discusses the current evidence regarding protein intake and its impact on clinical outcomes following MBS.

Recent Findings: There are considerable gaps in the understanding of protein requirements following MBS, as existing guidelines are based on limited and inconsistent reports.

Evaluation of the utility of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia - single-center study. Preliminary analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate relationship between sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, clinical characteristics and outcomes of pre-eclampsia.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 29 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia who had measured sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was conducted using electronic medical records from Obstetrics and Perinatology ward of University Hospital in Cracow.

Results: Women median age: 33.

Determination of Reactive Dyes in Coloring Foodstuff, Fruit Juice Concentrates, and Meat Products by Reductive Azo-Bond Cleavage and LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis.

Visually appealing foods are often associated by consumers with subjective quality features, such as freshness, palatability, and shelf life. In the past, there have been repeated violations in which regulations on the use of pigments in food were ignored and/or unauthorized or toxic dyes (e.g.

Effects of an external load on anticipatory mechanisms of handstand walking initiation in experienced gymnasts.

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are responsible for a successful first step execution in handstand walking. This study evaluates gymnasts' ability to adapt their APAs and stepping parameters in response to adding/removing an external load over repeated handstand walking initiation trials. Eighteen gymnasts performed five handstand walking initiation trials without load (PRE), eight trials with an external load (LOAD) and five trials with removed load (POST).

Changes in food preferences after oral semaglutide administration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA-DM cohort.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral semaglutide on the changes in food preference of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 75 patients with type 2 diabetes who received oral semaglutide. The primary outcome was the change in the score of brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) score 3 months after the initiation of oral semaglutide treatment.

Quantification of training-induced alterations in body composition via automated machine learning analysis of MRI images in the thigh region: A pilot study in young females.

The maintenance of an appropriate ratio of body fat to muscle mass is essential for the preservation of health and performance, as excessive body fat is associated with an increased risk of various diseases. Accurate body composition assessment requires precise segmentation of structures. In this study we developed a novel automatic machine learning approach for volumetric segmentation and quantitative assessment of MRI volumes and investigated the efficacy of using a machine learning algorithm to assess muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and bone volume of the thigh before and after a strength training.

Stereoselective Reaction Enabling Simultaneous Analysis of Carbon-Carbon Double-Bond Configuration and the Position of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids through UHPLC-ESI-MRM-MS.

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are an important class of nutrients and are involved in lipid metabolism. The positions of the C=C bond and cis-trans isomerism have a significant influence on their physiological activity. However, simultaneously detecting these two structural properties has been challenging due to multiple isomers of MUFA.

CMRxRecon2024: A Multimodality, Multiview k-Space Dataset Boosting Universal Machine Learning for Accelerated Cardiac MRI.

. The released CMRxRecon2024 dataset is currently the largest and most protocol-diverse publicly available k-space dataset including multi-modality and multi-view cardiac MRI data from 330 healthy volunteers, and each one covers standardized and commonly used clinical protocols. ©RSNA, 2025.

Children who survive torture: A systematic review of screening, documentation and treatment of torture injuries in children.

Background: Children all over the world are subjected to torture, but few are identified as victims of these actions. Knowledge that facilitates identification, documentation, and treatment of torture injuries in children can allow redress and rehabilitation for more children in need.

Objective: To synthesise research regarding screening, documentation, and treatment of child survivors of torture.

Global trends in thyroid cancer 1990-2021: an analysis based on the GBD 2021.

This study evaluated the global burden of thyroid cancer (TC) from 1990 to 2021, analyzing its association with sociodemographic factors, sex, age, risk factors, and future projections. Using 2021 Global Burden of Disease data, we analyzed TC incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across populations. Risk factors were assessed, and future trends forecasted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Non-Invasive Tests to Initiate Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background Aims: Non-invasive tests (NITs), e.g. Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and vibration-controlled elastography (VCTE), have been used to identify metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients at high risks for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).