Viridium: A Stable Radical and Its π-Dimerization.

The discovery of a stable organic radical formed under mild, clean, and efficient light-mediated conditions is reported. The structure of the stable acridinium-based radical photoproduct was unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and in solution by EPR, UV/vis, and NMR spectroscopies. The photochemical mechanism of its formation has been elucidated by photophysical experiments coupled with EPR experiments and theoretical investigations.

Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4-(Hetero) Dicarbonyl Compounds through α-Carbonyl Umpolung.

The enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds continues to pose a significant challenge in organic synthesis, and a catalytic process which generates two adjacent stereogenic centers with full stereochemical control is lacking until now. The 1,4-relationship of the functional groups requires an Umpolung strategy as one of the α-carbonyl positions has to be inverted into an electrophilic center to react with a normal enolate. We report herein the highly enantio- and diastereoselective addition of silyl ketene acetals toward electrophilic 1-azaallyl cations to furnish chiral 4-hydrazonoesters, which are masked 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds.

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Chemically and Collisionally Dissociated Molecular Glue- and PROTAC-Mediated Protein Complexes Informs on Disassembly Pathways.

Molecular glues (MGs) and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are used to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs), via induced proximity between compounds that have little or no affinity for each other naturally. They promote either reversible inhibition or selective degradation of a target protein, including ones deemed undruggable by traditional therapeutics. Though native MS (nMS) is capable of analyzing multiprotein complexes, the behavior of these artificially induced compounds in the gas phase is still not fully understood, and the number of publications over the past few years is still rather limited.

Bushen Daozhuo Granules Alleviate Chronic Non-Bacterial Prostatitis in Rats through p38 MAPK and Akt Signaling Pathways Based on Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics and Network Pharmacology Analyses.

Introduction: The traditional Chinese medicine formula, Bushen Daozhuo Granules (BSDZG), is used to treat chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) clinically. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of BSDZG on CNP and its underlying mechanisms.

Effect of Fibrates on Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials.

Background: In vascular tissue, macrophages and inflammatory cells produce the enzyme lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Treatment with fibrates decreases Lp-PLA2 levels in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, these findings have not been fully clarified.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the possible effects of fibrate therapy on Lp-PLA2 mass and activity through a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Unlocking Platelet Mechanisms through Multi-Omics Integration: A Brief Review.

Platelets, tiny cell fragments measuring 2-4 μm in diameter without a nucleus, play a crucial role in blood clotting and maintaining vascular integrity. Abnormalities in platelets, whether genetic or acquired, are linked to bleeding disorders, increased risk of blood clots, and cardiovascular diseases. Advanced proteomic techniques offer profound insights into the roles of platelets in hemostasis and their involvement in processes such as inflammation, metastasis, and thrombosis.

Mesoporous Boron-Doped Carbon with Curved BC Active Sites for Highly Efficient HO Electrosynthesis in Neutral Media and Air-Supplied Environments.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via the 2e oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as a cost-effective and safe alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, in more practical environments, namely, the use of neutral media and air-fed cathode environments, slow ORR kinetics and insufficient oxygen supply pose significant challenges to efficient HO production at high current densities. In this work, mesoporous B-doped carbons with novel curved BC active sites, synthesized via a carbon dioxide (CO) reduction using a pore-former agent, to simultaneously achieve excellent 2e ORR activity and improved mass transfer properties are introduced.

Target Discovery Driven by Chemical Biology and Computational Biology.

Target identification is crucial for drug screening and development because it can reveal the mechanism of drug action and ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results. Chemical biology, an interdisciplinary field combining chemistry and biology, can assist in this process by studying the interactions between active molecular compounds and proteins and their physiological effects. It can also help predict potential drug targets or candidates, develop new biomarker assays and diagnostic reagents, and evaluate the selectivity and range of active compounds to reduce the risk of off-target effects.

Dynamic Metabolomic Changes in the Phenolic Compound Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Developmental Sorghum Grains.

Phenolic compounds (PC) were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in two sorghum genotypes, harvested in two growing seasons (GS) at five distinct days after flowering (DAF) to evaluate how genotype/GS influences the PC synthesis and antioxidant capacity during grain growth. Total phenolic contents were strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity ( > 0.9, < 0.

Droplet-Based EPR Spectroscopy for Real-Time Monitoring of Liquid-Phase Catalytic Reactions.

In situ monitoring is essential for catalytic process design, offering real-time insights into active structures and reactive intermediates. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy excels at probing geometric and electronic properties of paramagnetic species during reactions. Yet, state-of-the-art liquid-phase EPR methods, like flat cells, require custom resonators, consume large amounts of reagents, and are unsuited for tracking initial kinetics or use with solid catalysts.

How Should We Use Hyaluronidase for Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid Fillers?

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are commonly used in esthetic medicine for facial contouring and rejuvenation. However, complications such as overcorrection, vascular occlusion, and irregular filler distribution necessitate the use of hyaluronidase to dissolve the fillers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronidase in degrading different types of HA fillers and provide clinical guidelines for its use based on filler type, dosage, and application techniques.

Does season regulate heterochronous leaf growth? Mechanisms of petiole-lamina trade-offs in broad-leaved woody plants of the Tianshan Mountains.

As the core of leaf functional traits, the trade-off relationship between the petiole and lamina expresses the plant's adaptability to the environment in terms of support structure and photosynthesis. We investigated the proportions of allometric growth in the relationship between the petiole and the lamina of broadleaf woody plants in temperate highland Tianshan Mountains montane forests through three dimensions (length, area, and mass), including the length of the lamina (LL) and the length of the petiole (PL), and the area of the lamina (LA) and petiole cross sectional area (PCA) versus the mass of the lamina (LM) and the mass of the petiole (PM), as well as exploring the characteristics of the variance in response to seasonal changes. We found that the functional traits in all three dimensions showed a clear convergent evolution as the seasons progressed, that is, a "seasonal effect" of increasing and then decreasing.

Eupalinolide B inhibits periodontitis development by targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3.

Periodontitis is a chronic periodontal inflammatory disease caused by periodontal pathogens commonly seen in adults. Eupalinolide B (EB) is a sesquiterpenoid natural product extracted from Eupatorium lindleyanum and has been reported as a potential drug for cancers and immune disorders. Here, we explored the ameliorative effects and underlying molecular mechanism of EB on periodontitis for the first time.

HDL-associated vitamin D binding protein levels are inversely associated with necrotic plaque burden in psoriasis.

Background And Aims: Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) serves a dual function as a vitamin D carrier and actin scavenger. Free DBP is present in high concentrations in serum, while a smaller pool is bound to lipoproteins like HDL and VLDL. The role of DBP's interaction with lipoproteins remains unclear.

Optimizing Operating Room Efficiency for Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Using Performance Benchmarks.

Background: With increasing demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), maximizing operating room (OR) efficiency is critical. This paper sought to examine the implementation of time benchmarks when performing primary TKA and THA. We hypothesized that implementing benchmarks would improve efficiency and the number of joints performed per day.

Investigating Postoperative Urinary Retention: Risk Factors and Postsurgical Outcomes in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR), a known complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), remains inconsistent in its diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and risk factors. This study aims to quantify POUR rates, identify risk factors, and assess complications associated with catheterization in TJA.

Methods: A single-center cohort undergoing TJA between January 2015 and December 2022 was retrospectively reviewed.

Extracellular vesicles of PCM 2675 and PCM 489: an introductory characteristic.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular and interkingdom communication in the complex communities that constitute the niche-specific microbiome of the colonized host. Therefore, studying the structure and content of EVs produced by resident bacteria is crucial to understanding their functionality and impact on the host and other microorganisms. Bacterial EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation, their size and concentration were measured by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the cargo proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

Diagnostic challenges in differentiating mediastinal tuberculosis from mediastinal tumors: A case report.

Mediastinal tuberculosis poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, particularly in high TB incidence regions like Indonesia. Here, we present the case of A 17-year-old male, initially diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor, was later confirmed to have mediastinal tuberculosis (TB). Despite normal lab results, imaging revealed a right parahilar mass.

Hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic capacity of seedlings of genotypes.

The aim was to investigate the morphological, photosynthetic, and hydraulic physiological characteristics of different genotypes of under controlled cultivation conditions. Growth, conductance, and hydraulic conductivity of the root system of 16 genotypes were evaluated in Experiment 1 (November 2013). In Experiment 2 (December 2014), in addition to the previous characteristics, gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, leaf water potential, and leaf hydraulic conductivity were investigated in five genotypes.

Chloroplast antioxidant reactions associated with zinc-alleviating effects on iron toxicity in wheat seedlings.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which Zn retards Fe toxicity by analyzing the morphological, photosynthetic, and chloroplast physiological parameters of wheat seedlings treated with either single or combined Zn and Fe. Different behavior of the seedlings was observed under untreated and treated conditions. The most discriminating quantitative traits were associated with leaf area, biomass dry mass and fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of seedlings, Hill reaction, Mg-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde and O contents, and glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and their gene expression in the seedling chloroplast.

An analysis of the global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer attributable to high BMI in 204 countries and territories: 1990-2021.

Background: Gallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBTCs) are aggressive with poor prognosis, often undetected until advanced stages. High Body Mass Index (BMI) is a significant risk factor, contributing substantially to GBTC mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). This study aimed to quantify the global burdens of GBTCs attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021, thereby developing more rational prevention and treatment strategies for GBTC.

Yip1 interacting factor homolog B mediates the unconventional secretion of ORF8 during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with immune responses that lead to a surge in inflammatory molecules, resulting in multi-organ failure and death. This significant increase in inflammatory factors is triggered by viral proteins. Open reading frame 8 (ORF8) has received particular attention as a unique accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Perceived risk for screen-detectable cancers among american indian adults in the zuni pueblo, USA: Insights and implications for intervention programs.

Background: Perceptions of disease risk play an important role in adopting healthy behaviors. The main objective of this study is to examine factors associated with high perceived cancer risk among Zuni Adults in New Mexico, USA.

Methods: We used data from a survey conducted in Zuni Pueblo from October 2020 to April 2021.

Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study.

Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.

Differences in myocardial involvement between new onset and longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Objectives: Subclinical myocardial involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but differences between new onset and longstanding SLE are not fully elucidated. This study compared myocardial involvement in new onset versus longstanding SLE using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 24 drug-naïve new onset SLE patients, 27 longstanding SLE patients, and 20 healthy controls.