Rapidly screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from (rehd.) Hand.-Mazz. leaves using affinity ultrafiltration combined with HPLC-QTOFMS, molecular docking, targeted separation, and experimental verification.

An integrated strategy was proposed for the rapid screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from (Rehd.) Hand.-Mazz.

Vegetation Fire Emissions Exacerbate Glacier Melting on the Third Pole.

Vegetation fires release a large fraction of light-absorbing components, which can contribute to the melting of snowpack and alpine glaciers. However, the relationship between variability in fire emissions and alpine glacier melting on the Third Pole (TP) remains poorly understood. This study provides evidence that carbon emissions from windward vegetation fires play a crucial role in comprehending glacier melting on the TP, particularly during the months of intense vegetation fires from March to May for monsoon-dominated glaciers and from June to October for westerlies-dominated glaciers.

Improvement of the accuracy in measuring cryogenic hot spot mix by multi-channel Ross filter pairs through a two-temperature model of hot spot electron temperature.

In inertial confinement fusion experiments, hot spot mix caused by hydrodynamic instabilities is a critical performance limitation. Currently, multi-channel Ross filter pair imaging is used to quantitatively diagnose the mix mass of cryogenic hot spots driven by 100 kJ energy, but this method brings significant uncertainty. To measure the level of mix more accurately, we have developed a two-temperature model to modify the fitted bremsstrahlung spectra based on the characteristics of cryogenic implosion hot spots.

Sports practice should be supported in people with severe hemophilia, but patient counseling and tailoring prophylactic treatment with clotting factors and non-replacement therapy is essential.

Introduction: This article discusses the current role of sports practice in people with hemophilia (PWH).

Areas Covered: On 11 January 2025, a bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed using 'hemophilia sports' as keywords. A total of 411 articles were found, of which only 22 were finally analyzed because they were directly related to the title of this article (inclusion criterion).

Suppression of Collision-Induced Dissociation in a Supersonically Expanding Gas.

In high-resolution mass spectrometry, an electrospray ionization source is often paired with an ion-funnel to enhance ion transmission. Although it is established that ions experience collision-induced dissociation as they pass through this device, the impact of gas-flow dynamics on ion fragmentation remains unexplored. The present work demonstrates that the gas-flow dynamics from the capillary interface of an electrospray ionization source into an ion-funnel significantly reduces ion fragmentation.

Resolving spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial multicellular populations: approaches and challenges.

SUMMARYThe development of multicellularity represents a key evolutionary transition that is crucial for the emergence of complex life forms. Although multicellularity has traditionally been studied in eukaryotes, it originates in prokaryotes. Coordinated aggregation of individual cells within the confines of a colony results in emerging, higher-level functions that benefit the population as a whole.

Hypophosphatemic Rickets as a Key Sign for the Diagnosis of Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1: Case Reports and Narrative Review of the Literature.

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in tyrosine (tyr) degradation. This defect results in the accumulation of succinylacetone (SA), causing liver failure with a high risk of hepatocarcinoma and kidney injury, leading in turn to Fanconi syndrome with urine loss of phosphate and secondary hypophosphatemic rickets (HR). HT-1 diagnosis is usually made in infants with acute or chronic liver failure or by neonatal screening programs.

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in AIDS Patients: A Detailed Description of 4 Cases, Including Histopathological Finding.

Unlabelled: Non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS.

Aim: To present 4 cases of disseminated infections by NTM in patients with AIDS.

Results: These cases were associated with prolonged symptoms of fever, weight loss, diarrhea or cough, with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats.

Residues of the pesticides chlorfenapyr (CFP) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) often coexist in the environment and can be accumulated in the body. To understand the impact of these two chemicals on health, we investigated their effect on the kidneys. In this study, rats were treated with CFP and/or EMB at low/medium/high doses of 1/3/9 mg/kg/day and 0.

Exploring the Molecular Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Connection to Microbial Communities in Industrial-Scale Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology offers significant advantages in addressing environmental issues arising from the intensification of livestock production since it enables waste reduction and energy recovery. However, the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its linkages to microbial biodiversity during the industrial-scale AD process of chicken manure (CM) remains unclear. In this study, the chemical structure of CM digestate-derived DOM was characterized by using multi-spectroscopic techniques and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and the microbial composition was detected by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Biomonitoring PhIP, a Potential Prostatic Carcinogen, in the Hair of Healthy Men of African and European Ancestry.

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), formed during the cooking of meat, are potential human carcinogens, underscoring the need for long-lived biomarkers to assess exposure and cancer risk. Frequent consumption of well-done meats containing 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-]pyridine (PhIP), a prevalent HAA that is a prostatic carcinogen in rodents and DNA-damaging agent in human prostate cells, has been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (PC) pathology. African American (AA) men face nearly twice the risk for developing and dying from PC compared to White men.

New Plastitar Record for the Mediterranean Sea: Characterization of Plastics and Tar from the Salento Peninsula (Ionian Sea).

The various forms of anthropogenic pollution are regarded as a serious threat to marine coastal areas. The overproduction and mismanagement of petroleum derivatives, such as tar and plastics, have resulted in a significant correlation between these two pollutants. The aggregation of tar, microplastics (MPs), and natural materials can create plastitar blocks, which are common in coastal areas.

The First Large Identification of 3ANX and NX Producing Isolates of in Manitoba, Western Canada.

Fusarium head blight, caused by , continues to be one of the most important and devastating fungal diseases on cereal grains including wheat, barley, and oat crops. produces toxic secondary metabolites that include trichothecene type A and type B mycotoxins. There are many variants of these toxins that are produced, and in the early 2010s, a novel type A trichothecene mycotoxin known as 3ANX (7-α hydroxy,15-deacetylcalonectrin) and its deacetylated product NX (7-α hydroxy, 3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin) were identified in Minnesota, USA.

Venoms and Extracellular Vesicles: A New Frontier in Venom Biology.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticle-sized vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types under normal physiological conditions. In toxicological research, EVs have emerged as a crucial link between public health and multi-omics approaches, offering insights into cellular responses to disease-causing injury agents such as environmental and biological toxins, contaminants, and drugs. Notably, EVs present a unique opportunity to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of envenomation by natural toxins.

Mapping Variability of Mycotoxins in Individual Oat Kernels from Batch Samples: Implications for Sampling and Food Safety.

Oats are susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and T-2/HT-2 toxins, posing food safety risks. This study analyses the variation in levels of 14 mycotoxins in 200 individual oat kernels from two DON-contaminated batch samples (mean = 3498 µg/kg) using LC-MS/MS. The samples also contained deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and ZEN.

Encapsulated LyeTx III Peptide: Cytotoxic Agent Isolated from Spider Venom.

The discovery of novel cytotoxic drugs is of paramount importance in contemporary medical research, particularly in the search for treatments with fewer side effects and higher specificity. Antimicrobial peptides are an interesting class of molecules for this endeavor. In this context, the LyeTx III, a new peptide extracted from the venom of the spider, stands out.

Levels and Profile of Tetrodotoxins in Spawning (Palaeonemertea, Nemertea): Assessing the Potential Toxic Pressure on Marine Ecosystems.

The ribbon worms of the closely related species , cf. , and , representing the species complex, possess high concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues in all developmental stages from eggs to adults. It has recently been suggested that the eggs and larvae of these animals can be a source of tetrodotoxins (TTXs) for other aquatic organisms.

First Look at the Venoms of Two Snakes: Differences in Yield, Proteomic Profiles, and Immunorecognition by Commercial Antivenoms.

Chinese coral snakes () are highly neglected regarding their venom profiles and harm to humans, which impedes our ability to deeply understand their biological properties and explore their medicinal potential. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis to reveal the venom profiles of two Chinese coral snakes in terms of their venom yields, proteomic profiles, and immunorecognition by commercial antivenoms. The results showed that expels more venom (lyophilized venom mass) than but possesses a similar solid venom content.

Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) accumulation exacerbates inflammation and contributes to oxidative stress. These complications are putatively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known associations, the variation in TMAO plasma levels across different CKD stages and dialysis modalities remains underexplored.

Assessment of Toxins and Pesticides in Organic and Conventional Tomato Products: Insights into Contamination Patterns and Food Safety Implications.

toxins (ATs) are a group of toxins produced by fungi that frequently contaminate tomatoes and tomato products. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority evaluated ATs for their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. infestation is often controlled using ad hoc treatment strategies (fungicides).

Determination of Puberulic Acid in Monascus-Fermented Red Yeast Rice by LC-MS/MS Combined with Precolumn Derivatization.

Puberulic acid (PA) is a mycotoxin produced by a species of . It has received widespread attention as a significant contributor to the reported fatalities associated with red yeast rice dietary supplements. However, the detection of PA, especially at low concentration levels, poses a considerable challenge, with no detection methods reported thus far.

Diversity of Mycotoxins in Stored Paddy Rice: Contamination Patterns in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Rice ( L.) is the most important food in Vietnam. However, rice is often lost in post-harvest due to fungal growth and mycotoxins contamination.

Machine learning and confirmatory factor analysis show that buprenorphine alters motor and anxiety-like behaviors in male, female, and obese C57BL/6J mice.

Buprenorphine is an opioid approved for medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder. Used off-label, buprenorphine has been reported to contribute to the clinical management of anxiety. Although human anxiety is a highly prevalent disorder, anxiety is a latent construct that cannot be directly measured.

Effects of Production System With or Without Growth-Promoting Technologies on Growth and Blood Expression of (Cyto)Chemokines and Heat Shock and Tight Junction Proteins in and Breeds During Summer Season.

Heat stress (HS) induced by global warming is a real welfare, productivity, and economic burden of cattle production. However, some cattle breeds have superior physiological adaptive traits to others, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. The present study aimed, therefore, to determine the expression profile of stress-related molecular signatures in the blood of thermosensitive Angus () and thermotolerant Brahman () cattle breeds managed without (CON) or with growth-promoting technology (TRT) during the summer (April-October, 2023) season in Colorado, US.