Computer case-based reasoning simulation versus traditional lectures for medical interns teaching of diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infection: a comparative quasi-experimental study.

Background: Acute respiratory infections are a common presentation in clinical practice and medical interns must learn proper diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing. Traditional lecture-based teaching may not provide sufficient opportunities for students to apply their knowledge in realistic scenarios, whereas computer case-based simulations offer an alternative approach that allows active learning and decision-making in simulated patient cases. This study investigated the effectiveness of computer case-based reasoning simulation versus traditional lectures for medical interns teaching of diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections.

Effects of trehalose on bone healing, physical function, and pain in patients with pertrochanteric fractures: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Appropriate management of fractures is crucial for restoring natural bone function and preventing long-term complications. Previous research on animal models indicates that trehalose can improve bone fracture healing by inhibiting the inflammatory cascade. We hope that trehalose can accelerate bone fracture healing in humans, alleviate pain, and ultimately enhance the individual's quality of life.

Investigating the effect of using a home safety training application by caregivers on accident risk management in the elderly.

Background: The increasing elderly population is a complex and globally significant phenomenon impacting various sectors of society, including healthcare. By 2050, it is projected that one-fourth of Iran's population will be elderly. Falls are a major concern among the elderly, leading to physical and psychological injuries and imposing significant financial burdens on healthcare and social systems.

Anticancer effects of alpha-lipoic acid, a potent organosulfur compound by modulating matrix metalloproteinases and apoptotic markers in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

Osteosarcoma (OS), an extremely aggressive form of bone tumor primarily affects young adults. Despite significant advancements in clinical trials, the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and resist apoptosis remains a major challenge. To address these issues, novel therapeutic interventions with high specificity for these processes are essential.

Compromising the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxin-based immunotoxins through epitope engineering: An in silico approach.

Immunotoxins are genetically engineered recombinant proteins consisting of a targeting moiety, such as an antibody, and a cytotoxic toxin moiety of microbial origin. Pseudomonas exotoxin A and diphtheria toxin (DT) have been abundantly used in immunotoxins, with the latter applied as the toxin moiety of the FDA-approved drug Denileukin diftitox (ONTAK®). However, the use of immunotoxins provokes an adverse immune response in the host body against the toxin moiety, limiting their efficacy.

Atypical Acute Ischemic Choriocapillaritis: A Case Report.

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a valuable tool for evaluating acute ischemic choriocapillaritis. Tuberculosis and syphilis are the main secondary differentials..

Digital Health/e-Health Literacy among University Students in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review.

Objective: During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, could be observed an established use of online information in the field of coronavirus disease worldwide. As a systematic review study, the present investigation aimed to evaluate related studies about digital health/e-health literacy among university students in the coronavirus disease 2019 era.

Methods: Three electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched from 2020 until June 2022, and articles were screened according to pre-established inclusion criteria.

Manganese exposure and sleep quality in iron and steel industry workers.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element crucial for the proper functioning of the human body. However, excessive exposure to manganese can lead to complications, particularly neurotoxicity. Among the health issues associated with exposure to heavy metals, one of the major concerns in the adverse effect on sleep quality.

Causative Agents of Fungal Keratitis in Northeastern Iran: A 3-Year Tertiary Care Hospital Study.

Infectious keratitis is a significant ocular disease that, if left untreated, can lead to blindness. Fungi are among the causative agents that can result in severe symptoms. Keratitis infections are prevalent globally, with a higher incidence reported in tropical and subtropical regions.

Alterations of fractional anisotropy and white matter integrity in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.

Background And Aim: The neurological processes responsible for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology and its clinical potentials are not fully understood. The current study aimed to examine white matter microstructural abnormalities and the reasons behind white matter impairment in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome by performing a meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until April 2024.

Diagnostic Value of Hepatic Mast Cell Concentration (MCC) in NAFLD and NASH Severity and Fibrosis Grade.

Background & Objective: Mast cells play a role in the immune responses to fatty liver disease. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of hepatic mast cell concentration (MCC) in NAFLD and NASH severity and fibrosis grade.

Methods: The present cross-sectional unremarkable hepatic histology, NAFLD, or NASH cases were enrolled.

Serum C-reactive Protein Levels about Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function in Iranian Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

Background & Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is defined as an asymptomatic state characterized by a normal serum concentration of free thyroxine and elevated serum concentration of TSH. This study aims to investigate the complex interplay between hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance, beta cell function, and low-grade chronic inflammation in Iranian women with SCH.

Methods: Eighty women with SCH and 80 healthy women as controls matched to the patient group for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study.

Distinct therapeutic effects of auraptene and umbelliprenin on TNF-α and IL-17 levels in a murine model of chronic inflammation.

Objective: To compare the anti-arthritic potential of orally administered auraptene (AUR) and umbellliprenin (UMB) in chronic inflammation by exploring the differential effect on regulating TNF-α and IL-17.

Methods & Materials: Sixty male rats were divided into ten groups, and after confirming chronic inflammation, the treatment groups received AUR or UMB orally for 9 days. On day 16, histopathological changes were evaluated.

The correlation between indirect calorimetry data and the metabolic syndrome development in men and women.

Objectives: To investigate the indirect calorimetric findings in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) compared to those without MetS and explore the potential parameters for predicting MetS in susceptible individuals.

Methods: Data was collected from a cross-sectional study conducted during the second phase of The Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study, which involved 1,014 participants. The presence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

Redifferentiation Therapies in Thyroid Oncology: Molecular and Clinical Aspects.

Since the 1940s, 131-I radioiodine therapy (RIT) has been the primary treatment for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Approximately half of these patients respond favorably to RIT, achieving partial or complete remission or maintaining long-term stable disease, while the other half develop radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAI-R DTC). The main genomic alteration involved in radioiodine resistance is the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which results in the loss of sodium iodide symporters (NIS).

Synergistic effects of incorporated additives in multifunctional dressings for chronic wound healing: An updated comprehensive review.

Detailed reviewing of the complicated process of wound healing reveals that it resembles an orchestrated symphony via a precise and calculated collaboration of relevant cells at the wound site. The domino-like function of various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and small biological molecules such as antibacterial peptides all come together to successfully execute the wound healing process. Therefore, it appears that the use of a wound dressing containing only a single additive with specific properties and capabilities may not be particularly effective in treating the complex conditions that are usual in the environment of chronic wounds.

Impact of statin therapy on CD40:CD40L signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.

Statins are widely utilized to reduce cholesterol levels, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. They interface with cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. Besides their primary effect, statins demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties in various diseases, highlighting the pleiotropic effect of these drugs.

Development of a machine learning model for prediction of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates.

Purpose: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common and severe complication in premature neonates, leading to long-term neurological impairments. Early prediction and identification of risk factors for IVH in premature neonates are crucial for improving clinical outcomes. This study aimed to predict IVH in premature neonates and determine risk factors using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel approach to combat burn wound infections.

The most prevalent and harmful injuries are burns, which are still a major global health problem. Burn injuries can cause issues because they boost the inflammatory and metabolic response, which can cause organ malfunction and systemic failure. On the other hand, a burn wound infection creates an environment that is conducive to the growth of bacteria and might put the patient at risk for sepsis.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Masseter Muscle in Skeletal Malocclusions (Class I, II, and III).

Background: There is limited research on the sonographic view of people with skeletal malocclusions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sonographic findings of the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal malocclusions.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 48 patients aged 15-20 years with skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions (n = 16) who were referred to Mashhad Dental School for treatment were selected.

Sixteen-Frame Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT as a Surrogate for Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography in Measurement of Systolic and Diastolic Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study.

 Equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) has long been assumed as the preferred method to assess cardiac volumes as well as left ventricular systolic and diastolic indices. ERNA was used to diagnose subtle changes in cardiac function during chemotherapy or early stages of heart failure. Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GMPS) was introduced as a more feasible and versatile alternative to ERNA, but the precision of GMPS to assess systolic and diastolic indices has not yet been fully reviewed.

A comprehensive review of gum-based electrospun nanofibers for food packaging: Preparation, developments, and potential applications.

Gums represent an intriguing group of biopolymers utilized in the food industry owing to their exceptional properties. These intricate carbohydrate biomolecules possess the capacity to form gels and mucilage structures by binding with water. Their stabilizing potential, heightened viscosity, emulsifying characteristics, broad compatibility, and cost-effectiveness render them a valuable resource in the realm of food packaging.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy in HPV positive and HPV negative skin cancer: A comprehensive review.

Skin cancer is the most common new cancer among Caucasians. This cancer has different types, of which non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common type. Various factors affect this disease, one of which is viral infections, including HPV.