Targeted inhibition of PqsR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum-sensing network by chalcones as promising antibacterial compounds.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa's inherent and adapted resistance makes this pathogen a serious problem for antimicrobial treatments. Furthermore, its biofilm formation ability is the most critical armor against antimicrobial therapy, and the virulence factors, on the other hand, contribute to fatal infection and other recalcitrant phenotypic characteristics. These capabilities are harmonized through cell-cell communication called Quorum Sensing (QS), which results in gene expression regulation via three major interconnected circuits: las, rhl, and pqs system.

The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System under both Normal and Pathological Conditions.

In recent decades, researchers and clinicians have increasingly focused on glial cell function. One of the primary mechanisms influencing these functions is through extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles released by cells that are essential for intercellular communication. EVs can be broadly categorized into four main types based on their size, origin, and biogenesis: large EVs, small EVs (sEVs), autophagic EVs, and apoptotic bodies.

Identifying abdominal aortic aneurysm size and presence using Natural Language Processing of radiology reports: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Prior investigations of the natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have been constrained by small sample sizes or uneven assessments of aggregated data. Natural language processing (NLP) can significantly enhance the investigation and treatment of patients with AAAs by swiftly and effectively collecting imaging data from health records. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NLP techniques in reliably identifying the existence or absence of AAAs and measuring the maximal abdominal aortic diameter in extensive datasets of radiology study reports.

Postoperative complications and long-term outcomes after total and subtotal thyroidectomy: a retrospective study.

The choice between total thyroidectomy (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomy (STT) can affect postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in these patients. This study aimed to investigate postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent TT and STT. This retrospective study investigated 1.

The effects of prenatal administration of tumor necrosis factor-α on osteocalcin and RANK expression in newborn mice.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces a multitude of actions and consequences in bone and cartilage resorption and immune response augmentation. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effects of TNF-α on osteogenesis parameters in newborn mice. Experimental research was conducted on 42 pregnant mice, dividing into seven groups as follows: control (no injection), vehicle 1 (PBS injection on 7-9th pregnancy days (PD)), vehicle 2 (PBS injection during pregnancy), experimental 1 (injection of 10 ng/kg of TNF-α on 7-9th PD), experimental 2 (injection of 100 ng/kg of TNF-α on 7-9th PD), experimental 3 (injection of 10 ng/kg of TNF-α during pregnancy) and experimental 4 (injection of 100 ng/kg of TNF-α during pregnancy).

Hallmarks of Quercetin Benefits as a Functional Supplementary in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Maladies: From Basic to Clinical Applications.

Quercetin (QE), a particular flavonoid, is well known for its medicinal effects, including anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the findings of QE effects on diabetes STZinduced, alloxan-induced, and its complications have been summarized with a particular focus on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Consequently, QE mediates several mechanisms, including ameliorating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 expression, increasing insulin glucose uptake to inhibit insulin resistance.

Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous particles that are secreted by various cell types and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Their unique properties and remarkable ability to deliver bioactive cargo to target cells have made them promising tools in the treatment of various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuropathological hallmarks, such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic writing and publication: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (IJBMS) policy.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of male rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study focused on examining the role of proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC1α)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=7): control (Con), type 2 diabetes (T2D), exercise (Ex), and exercise + type 2 diabetes (Ex+T2D).

Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy.

Objectives: Migraine, a serious neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide, is one of the most considerable burdens on the healthcare system and has significant economic implications. Even though various treatment methods are available, including medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapy, many migraine sufferers do not receive adequate relief or experience intolerable side effects. Hence, the present review aims to evaluate the nanoformulation regarding migraine therapy.

Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword.

Gliomas are the most common lethal tumors of the brain associated with a poor prognosis and increased resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), newly identified noncoding RNAs, have appeared as critical regulators of therapeutic resistance among multiple cancers and gliomas. Since circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in glioma and may act as promoters or inhibitors of therapeutic resistance, we categorized alterations of these specific RNAs expression in therapy resistant-glioma in three different classes, including chemoresistance, radioresistance, and glioma stem cell (GSC)-regulation.

The association between age at menarche (AAM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the MASHAD cohort study.

Age at menarche may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in different ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to identify the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with age at menarche (AAM) in Mashhad, the second biggest city in Iran. This was a cross- sectional study based on cohort data of 2353 women (35-65 years) from Mashhad, Iran for whom the age at menarche was reported.

A comprehensive report of the clinical and mutational profiles of 30 Iranian malignant infantile osteopetrosis patients.

Osteopetrosis is a group of genetically and clinically diverse inherited disorders characterized by an increase in bone density. The main known cause is an abnormality in the development or function of osteoclasts. Hence, the process of bone resorption is impaired, resulting in: 1- a reduction in bone marrow volume and, subsequently, a decrement in the hematopoietic capacity of bone marrow, which leads to anemia and compromised immunological function; 2- improper bone development, which leads to pressure on peripheral nerves, causing auditory, visual, and movement impairments; and 3- disturbance in the formation of bone microstructure that leads to susceptibility to bone fracture.

New Genetic Variations in RNA-binding Protein Gene and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

Background: LIN28, a highly conserved RNA-binding protein, regulate a wide variety of post-transcriptional cellular processes. The current study aimed to identify genetic variants of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LIN28B gene (rs221634, rs22163, rs314276, rs9404590, and rs12194974) and their association with Breast cancer.

Method: 220 patients and 230 controls were genotyped by the RFLP assay for Lin28B gene variants.

Assessment of Reperfusion Efficacy of Altelyse Versus Actilyse in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and fibrinolytic or thrombolytic therapy are common treatments for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more effective than thrombolytic therapy, but fibrinolytic therapy is still a preferable option for patients with limited access to healthcare. Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used to treat acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism.

Nose-to-Brain Targeting of Resveratrol Nanoformulations.

Resveratrol [RES] is a polyphenolic stilbene with therapeutic potential owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. However, the very poor oral bioavailability, fast metabolism, and extremely low stability under physiological conditions pose a severe detriment to the clinical use of RES. This newly developed field of nanotechnology has led to the formulation of RES into nanoformulations with the goal of overcoming metabolicpharmacokinetic limitations and enhancing the targeted transport of RES to the central nervous system [CNS].

The effect of a comprehensive intervention on anthropometric indices, dietary intake, and physical activity of adolescent boys with overweight.

Background: Non-communicable diseases in adulthood are reported to be strongly associated with adolescent obesity. The present study aimed to assess the effect of a comprehensive lifestyle modification intervention on the anthropometric indices, dietary intake, and physical activity of adolescent boys with overweight.

Methods: This pragmatic trial was conducted on 126 adolescent boys with overweight.

The efficacy and effectiveness of customized CAD/CAM brackets in fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent advancements in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have led to the development of customized brackets for personalized treatment.

Objective: Comparing customized CAD/CAM brackets for their efficacy and effectiveness in orthodontic patients using systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Search Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL up to June 2024, with no language or date restrictions.

Mechanistic insights on lycopene usage against diabetes and associated complications.

Lycopene is a tetraterpene compound belonging to carotenoids that are widely present in tomatoes and similar products. It is known as a powerful anti-oxidant and a non-provitamin A carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to effectively improve diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as cardiac complications, disorders caused by oxidative stress, and liver and neurological disorders.

Different Composite Veneer Surface Preparations for Metal Orthodontic Bracket Bonding: An In Vitro Study.

This research aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to composite veneers using different surface preparations. One-hundred composite disks were divided into 10 different groups whereby each group combines a surface preparation (roughening or no roughening), etching agent (37% phosphoric or 9.5% hydrofluoric acid), adhesive protocol (self-etch or total-etch), and bonding agent (with or without G-Premio Bond).

FOXR2 in cancer development: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities.

Cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Forkhead Box R2 (FOXR2), identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family, plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs. Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.

Developing a model for prioritizing occupational risk prevention practices in industries: a Delphi study.

Background: Occupational accidents, injuries, and diseases remain critical health concerns. Designing and implementing checklists for occupational risk prevention are key strategies to mitigate these accidents and their adverse effects. However, due to the diverse nature of occupational hazards, these checklists tend to encompass a substantial number of prevention practices, making their full implementation challenging in terms of financial and human resources.

Designing and validating an adaptation tool for endometriosis: an exploratory mixed method study protocol.

Background: Endometriosis is a benign and chronic gynecological estrogen-dependent condition. Research findings have highlighted its impact on different aspects of women's lives. Enhancing quality of life and supporting the well-being of those affected is advised.

Investigating the role of lifestyle, knowledge and health beliefs in performing preventive behaviours against human papilloma virus in married women.

Objectives: The aim of this research was investigating the role of lifestyle, knowledge and health beliefs in performing preventive behaviours against HPV in married women.

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a significant public health concern in Iran, with a relatively high prevalence in the general female population.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey among 260 married women working at the university.

Ultrasound-assisted efficient targeting of doxorubicin to the tumor microenvironment by lyso-thermosensitive liposomes of varying phase transition temperatures.

Premature drug release is the primary hindrance to the effective function of the lyso-thermosensitive liposomes (LTSLs) of doxorubicin (Dox), known as ThermoDox® for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we have optimized LTSLs by using a combination of phospholipids (PLs) with high transition temperatures (Tm) to improve the therapeutic outcome in an assisted ultrasound approach. For this, several Dox LTSLs were prepared using the remote loading method at varying molar ratios (0 to 90 %) of DPPC (Tm 41 °C) and HSPC (Tm 54.

Exosome: an overview on enhanced biogenesis by small molecules.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that received attention for their potential use in the treatment of various injuries. They communicate intercellularly by transferring genetic and bioactive molecules from parent cells. Although exosomes hold immense promise for treating neurodegenerative and oncological diseases, their actual clinical use is very limited because of their biogenesis and secretion.