Many Cooks in the Kitchen: Iterating a Qualitative Analysis Process Across Multiple Countries, Sites, and Teams.

Establishing and proving methodological rigor has long been a challenge for qualitative researchers where quantitative methods prevail, but much published literature on qualitative analysis assumes a relatively small number of researchers working in relative proximity. This is particularly true for research conducted with a grounded theory approach. Different versions of grounded theory are commonly used, but this methodology was originally developed for a single researcher collecting and analyzing data in isolation.

Association between Blood Group and Change in Coagulation Factors in Plasma Preparations for Transfusion Purpose at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital.

Background: Blood component therapy helps in managing patients with reduced hematopoiesis, elevated peripheral destruction of cells, and generalized blood loss (bleeding). Increased prevalence of arterial and venous thrombotic disease linked to the impact of ABO blood group on plasma levels of coagulation glycoprotein is demonstrated by blood group non-O persons.

Objective: This study had a main objective of determining the association between blood group and change in coagulation factors in plasma preparation for transfusion purpose.

Combination of linkage and association mapping with genomic prediction to infer QTL regions associated with gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf blight resistance in tropical maize.

Among the diseases threatening maize production in Africa are gray leaf spot (GLS) caused by and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by . The two pathogens, which have high genetic diversity, reduce the photosynthesizing ability of susceptible genotypes and, hence, reduce the grain yield. To identify population-based quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GLS and NCLB resistance, a biparental population of 230 lines derived from the tropical maize parents CML511 and CML546 and an association mapping panel of 239 tropical and sub-tropical inbred lines were phenotyped across multi-environments in western Kenya.

Non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment among migrating fishermen in western Kenya's islands: a rapid qualitative study.

Fishing communities in many Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-risk population group disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. The association of migration with HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is well documented. Frequent mobility, high consumption of alcohol, multiple sexual partners, transactional and commercial sex, poor health infrastructure and limited access to health services are reported among the main factors shaping the HIV epidemic in fishing communities.

Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries: Latent Growth Curve Analyses.

Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.

The cost of beauty: Perspectives of salon workers in Kisumu City, Kenya.

Despite occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs), salon workers receive minimal formal protections. Consequently, most salon workers rely on personal safeguards. However, the nature of such individual-level safeguards remains unknown.

Food price perception, food and beverage marketing and the nutritional status of children 6-24 months in Obunga slums, Kisumu Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Malnutrition is a significant problem in Africa. In Kenya, 26% of under-fives are stunted; slums are the hardest hit. Obunga slum has the highest prevalence at 40%.

Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya.

Background: The rise of insecticide resistance against malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in the need to consider other methods of vector control. The potential use of biological methods, including larvivorous fish, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and plant shading, is sustainable and environmentally friendly options. This study examined the survivorship of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larvae and habitat productivity in four permanent habitat types in Homa Bay county, western Kenya.

The role of vitamin D status on treatment outcome among HIV- infected children receiving care in Kisumu County, Kenya.

Background: Kenya has a paediatric HIV burden of nearly 140,000 children, of which only 48% of those on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have achieved the desired viral suppression possibly due to vitamin D deficiency. We explored the influence of vitamin D levels on treatment outcome.

Method: We performed a cross-sectional study of 196 participants aged 3 - 14 years; among them 98 HIV infected who received treatment between 2019 - 2020 in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.

Convergence of the Laplace and the alternative multipole expansion approximation series for the Coulomb potential.

Multipole expansion is a powerful technique used in many-body physics to solve dynamical problems involving correlated interactions between constituent particles. The Laplace multipole expansion series of the Coulomb potential is well established in literature. We compare its convergence with our recently developed perturbative and analytical alternative multipole expansion series of the Coulomb potential.

Intraindividual variability in parental acceptance-rejection predicts externalizing and internalizing symptoms across childhood/adolescence in nine countries.

Parenting that is high in rejection and low in acceptance is associated with higher levels of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems in children and adolescents. These symptoms develop and can increase in severity to negatively impact adolescents' social, academic, and emotional functioning. However, there are two major gaps in the extant literature: (a) nearly all prior research has focused on between-person differences in acceptance/rejection at the expense of examining intraindividual variability (IIV) across time in acceptance/rejection; and (b) no prior studies examine IIV in acceptance/rejection in diverse international samples.

Design of a syringe extension device (Chloe SED®) for low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa: a circular economy approach.

Underfunded healthcare infrastructures in low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa have resulted in a lack of medical devices crucial to provide healthcare for all. A representative example of this scenario is medical devices to administer paracervical blocks during gynaecological procedures. Devices needed for this procedure are usually unavailable or expensive.

Efficacy of thermal ablation for treatment of biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical precancer among women living with HIV in Kenya.

The World Health Organization recommends thermal ablation (TA) as an alternative to cryotherapy within "screen-and-treat" cervical cancer programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including among women living with HIV (WLWH). Data on TA efficacy among WLWH are limited, however. We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate efficacy of TA for treatment of biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2/3) among WLWH in Kenya.

Human NCR3 gene variants rs2736191 and rs11575837 alter longitudinal risk for development of pediatric malaria episodes and severe malarial anemia.

Background: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb) < 5.0 g/dL in children] is the most common clinical manifestation of severe malaria in such regions.

Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey.

Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government.

Profiles of bacterial communities and environmental factors associated with proliferation of malaria vector mosquitoes within the Kenyan Coast.

Background: Since mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic.

Methods: The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded.

Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm and low birth weight infants in rural Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Data on long-term outcomes of preterm (PT) and low birth weight (LBW) infants in countries with high rates of neonatal mortality and childhood stunting are limited, especially from community settings. The current study sought to explore growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of PT/LBW infants from a rural community-based setting of Kenya up to 18 months adjusted age.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 severity and mortality on hospitalized American Indian/Alaska Native patients.

Epidemiological data across the United States of America illustrate health disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality by race/ethnicity. However, limited information is available from prospective observational studies in hospitalized patients, particularly for American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. Here, we present risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 and mortality in patients (4/2020-12/2021, n = 475) at the University of New Mexico Hospital.

Measures adopted by indigent mothers in Kilifi County to tackle maternal health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Many sub-Saharan African countries have experienced various challenges that threaten the quality of health services offered to the population. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to healthcare services in many countries as they grappled with implementing measures to curb its spread. The consequences of COVID-19 have been catastrophic for maternal and newborn health.

Local perspectives on policy implementation of free maternity health services in Kenya: Implications for universal health coverage.

Kenya introduced free maternity services (FMS) in 2013 to enable all pregnant women to give birth for free in all government public health facilities. Currently, Kenya is rolling out universal health coverage (UHC), which has been acknowledged as a priority goal for every health system and part of the 'Big Four Agenda' for sustainable national development in Kenya. FMS is one of the core services in Kenya, but since its launch, it is not clear whether the decentralized approach chosen to implement FMS is leading to UHC.