Screening Disinfection Byproducts in Arid-Coastal Wastewater: A Workflow Using GC×GC-TOFMS, Passive Sampling, and NMF Deconvolution Algorithm.

Disinfection during tertiary municipal wastewater treatment is a necessary step to control the spread of pathogens; unfortunately, it also gives rise to numerous disinfection byproducts (DBPs), only a few of which are regulated because of the analytical challenges associated with the vast number of potential DBPs. This study utilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) passive samplers, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) spectral deconvolution for suspect screening of DBPs in treated wastewater. PDMS samplers were deployed upstream and downstream of the chlorination unit in a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Abu Dhabi, and their extracts were analyzed using GC×GC-TOFMS.

Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air.

Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM-including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.

Hydrogen and Propane Production From Butyric Acid Photoreforming Over Pt-TiO.

Photocatalysis is a promising technology from economic, energetic, and ecological points of view because it takes advantage of solar light. Hence, it is one of the investigated green routes to produce hydrogen from renewable energy resources. Butyric acid (BA) is largely present in wastewater and as an intermediate product in anaerobic digestion and therefore it is an inexpensive resource, which can be converted to valuable chemicals.

A compilation and bioenergetic evaluation of syntrophic microbial growth yields in anaerobic digestion.

A compilation and analysis of experimentally determined microbial growth yields for syntrophic volatile fatty acid (VFA), lactate oxidisers and methanogens in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems is presented. Only studies based on experimental determinations or sound model-to-data fitting that specifically address parameter identifiability, have been considered. The experimentally determined values are compared and discussed with estimations based on bioenergetic correlations.

Direct Measurement of the Magnitude of the van der Waals Interaction of Single and Multilayer Graphene.

Vertical stacking of monolayers via van der Waals (vdW) assembly is an emerging field that opens promising routes toward engineering physical properties of two-dimensional materials. Industrial exploitation of these engineering heterostructures as robust functional materials still requires bounding their measured properties so as to enhance theoretical tractability and assist in experimental designs. Specifically, the short-range attractive vdW forces are responsible for the adhesion of chemically inert components and are recognized to play a dominant role in the functionality of these structures.