The review focuses on the evolving diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly emphasizing the role of high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) as key factors in the disease.
Recent studies show that HPV-positive tumors have better treatment responses and outcomes compared to HPV-negative ones, and they allow for patient stratification based on factors like HPV status and smoking history to assess risks.
Current research is exploring ways to reduce treatment intensity for low-risk groups, while highlighting the need for new therapies for patients with poorer prognoses linked to smoking and advanced disease stages.