Use of Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest: Advances and Future Challenges.

Epinephrine is the most common medication used in cardiac arrest. Although the medication has been a mainstay of treatment over the last century, the utility and efficacy of epinephrine has been re-evaluated in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the literature describing the efficacy, timing, and dosing of epinephrine use in cardiac arrest.

The Clinical Management of Traumatic Palatal Ulcers in an Adolescent Patient: A Common Lesion in Mini-Implant-Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion.

: This case report describes the clinical management of a traumatic palatal ulcer, a complication associated with mini-implant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE). : A 13-year-old female patient with maxillary constriction underwent MARPE treatment using a custom acrylic expander anchored by four mini-implants. Despite proper planning and device design, the patient missed her first follow-up appointment and continued activations, resulting in tissue inflammation and embedding of the device.

Identification of Functional Immune Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients.

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an effective, personalized treatment for certain patients, particularly for those with hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in breast cancer has been marginal-perhaps due to cold, immune-excluded, or immune-desert tumors. Natural killer T (NKT) cells play a critical role in cancer immune surveillance and are reduced in cancer patients.

Targeted Therapy of Antibody-Induced Autoimmune Arthritis Using Peptide-Guided Nanoparticles.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and it affects over 18 million people worldwide. Despite the availability of a variety of potent drugs for RA, over 30-40 percent of patients fail to achieve adequate remission, and many patients suffer from systemic adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for a joint-targeted drug delivery system.

Amplifying School Mental Health Literacy Through Neuroscience Education.

Children and adolescents face a wide variety of developmental changes and environmental challenges, and it is estimated that at least one in five children aged 3-17 will experience behavioral or mental health issues. This period of life coincides with major changes in brain structure and function that have profound long-term consequences for learning, decision-making (including risk taking), and emotional processing. For example, continued development of the prefrontal cortex in adolescence is a sensitive period during which individuals are particularly susceptible to risky behaviors, environmental stressors, and substance use.

Titanium dioxide nanotubes incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement alter the biological behavior of pre-odontoblastic cells.

The objective was to address the repercussion of adding titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO-nt) into high-viscosity conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the biological properties of pre-odontoblastic cells (MDPC-23) challenged by lipopolysaccharides (LPS - 2 μg/mL). TiO-nt was added to Ketac Molar EasyMix at 3, 5, 7 %, whereas unblended GIC served as control. Analyses included proliferation (n=6; 24, 48, 72 h), metabolism (MTT; n=6; 24, 48, 72 h); morphology laser microscopy (n=3; 24, 48, 72 h); proteome assessments IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, TNF-α (n=3; 12, 18 h); mRNA levels (RT-PCR) of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10, VEGF, TNF-α (n=3; 12, 18 h) and DSPP (n=3; 24, 72, 120 h).

Information Sharing to Enhance Early Childhood Services.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate stakeholder willingness to share information among various social service providers, and to determine perceived barriers to accessing these services in our state.

Description: The Maryland Family Network and the Maryland Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics partnered to collect information on family information sharing preferences and barriers to services. We received 22 Survey Monkey responses and had 41 focus group participants aged 25 to 44 years and all regions of the state were represented.

The geriatric emergency literature of note 2023.

Caring for older adults in the Emergency Department demands compassion, expertise, and adaptability to address the intricate medical and emotional needs of this vulnerable population. Key geriatric emergency medicine articles from 2023 highlight the evolving landscape of this field: updates to the Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medications, medications most implicated in causing delirium, geriatric trauma centers, behavioral problems in persons with dementia, geriatric syndrome detection, and emergency department (ED) process outcomes in geriatric EDs. As healthcare organizations shift to focus on the larger continuum of care that extends beyond the ED visit, we also highlight a novel program from the Veterans Affairs bringing former military medics to the home to improve outcomes after ED discharge.

Factors associated with breast lymphedema after adjuvant radiation therapy in women undergoing breast conservation therapy.

Purpose: Breast lymphedema after post-lumpectomy radiation therapy (RT) is poorly defined and difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of breast lymphedema and identify factors associated with the risk of developing breast lymphedema (BL) in women undergoing breast-conserving therapy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) followed by RT between January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2019 at a single institution.

Depression like-behavior and memory loss induced by methylglyoxal is associated with tryptophan depletion and oxidative stress: a new in vivo model of neurodegeneration.

Background: Depression and memory loss are prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, with diabetic patients facing an elevated risk of brain dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MGO) formation, which is heightened in diabetes owing to hyperglycemia and gut dysbiosis, may serve as a critical link between diabetes and brain diseases. Despite the high prevalence of MGO, the precise mechanisms underlying MGO-induced depression and memory loss remain unclear.

Psychotropic use for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the provision of quality care for behavioral and psychological symptoms in older adults with dementia may have been impeded due to physical distancing and infection control measures. Of particular concern is whether psychotropic medication use has increased despite its limited efficacy and adverse effects. This systematic review described the trajectory of psychotropic use for older adults with dementia across various settings, from community living to healthcare settings during the pandemic.

The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrates reduced age-associated T1 support and .

mRNA vaccines demonstrate impaired immunogenicity and durability in vulnerable older populations. We hypothesized that human modeling and proteomics could elucidate age-specific mRNA vaccine actions. BNT162b2-stimulation changed the plasma proteome of blood samples from young (18-50Y) and older adult (≥60Y) participants, assessed by mass spectrometry, proximity extension assay, and multiplex.

A trivalent mucosal vaccine encoding phylogenetically inferred ancestral RBD sequences confers pan-Sarbecovirus protection in mice.

The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the threat of future Sarbecovirus zoonoses have spurred the design of vaccines that can induce broad immunity against multiple coronaviruses. Here, we use computational methods to infer ancestral phylogenetic reconstructions of receptor binding domain (RBD) sequences across multiple Sarbecovirus clades and incorporate them into a multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine. Mice immunized with this pan-Sarbecovirus vaccine are protected in the upper and lower respiratory tracts against infection by historical and contemporary SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV, and pre-emergent SHC014 and Pangolin/GD coronavirus strains.

Evaluation of waning of IgG antibody responses after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola virus disease vaccines: a modelling study from the PREVAC randomized trial.

rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo are WHO-prequalified vaccination regimens against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Challenges associated with measuring long-term clinical protection warrant the evaluation of immune response kinetics after vaccination.

Lemierre Syndrome involving (Formerly ) due to injection drug use into the neck.

Lemierre Syndrome, septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein following oropharyngeal infection, is classically caused by and associated with septic emboli. We present a case of Lemierre Syndrome involving (formerly ) in the setting of injection drug use. A 46-year-old man presented with right neck swelling and abscess with as the primary bacterium isolated from the abscess culture, which was introduced to the site when the patient had licked his needle and injected illicit drugs into his neck.

TIPS: a novel pathway-guided joint model for transcriptome-wide association studies.

In the past two decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pinpointed numerous SNPs linked to human diseases and traits, yet many of these SNPs are in non-coding regions and hard to interpret. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) integrate GWAS and expression reference panels to identify the associations at gene level with tissue specificity, potentially improving the interpretability. However, the list of individual genes identified from univariate TWAS contains little unifying biological theme, leaving the underlying mechanisms largely elusive.

WACARDIA: Graphical MATLAB software for Wireless Assessment of CARDiac Interoceptive Accuracy.

Many theories of psychological function emphasize the importance of bodily sensations and the ability to accurately detect them, known as interoceptive accuracy. The most common measure of interoceptive accuracy uses heartbeat detection tasks such as the Whitehead Task, yet to our knowledge there are no freely accessible programs to conduct this task. In this paper, we present novel software called WACARDIA (Wireless Assessment of CARDiac Interoceptive Accuracy), which is free, open-source software that conducts the heartbeat detection task using Matlab and Psychtoolbox.

Factors associated with eating performance in nursing home residents living with dementia and other comorbidities.

Background: Eating performance is the functional ability to get food into the mouth and chew/swallow it. Nursing home residents with dementia commonly experience compromised eating performance and subsequent consequences. Prior work examined the association between resident eating performance and their cognitive and functional ability.

Trajectories of antidepressant use after tamoxifen initiation among young and middle-aged women with breast cancer.

Purpose: Antidepressant treatment patterns may change after women with breast cancer (BC) initiate tamoxifen, potentially impacting health outcomes. We characterized trajectories of antidepressant use after initiating tamoxifen among young and middle-aged women with BC, identifying risk factors for trajectory group membership.

Methods: A retrospective cohort included women 18-64 years-old with BC and antidepressant treatment history who received a new tamoxifen dispensing (index date).

Same rule, different genes: is a pair-rule gene in the milkweed bug .

Morphological features of organismal body plans are often highly conserved within large taxa. For example, segmentation is a shared and defining feature of all insects. Screens in identified genes responsible for the development of body segments, including the "pair-rule" genes (PRGs), which subdivide embryos into double-segment units in a previously unexpected pre-patterning step.