Efficacy and empathy of AI chatbots in answering frequently asked questions on oral oncology.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated feasibility and efficacy in improving health outcomes. In this study, responses from 5 different publicly available AI chatbots-Bing, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Google Bard, and Claude-to frequently asked questions related to oral cancer were evaluated.

Surgical outcomes of parathyroidectomy for pre-kidney transplantation versus post-kidney transplantation patients.

Background: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is common in end-stage kidney disease and resolves in less than half of kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The ideal timing of parathyroidectomy (PTX), before or after KT, remains unclear. We sought to understand differences in morbidity and mortality after PTX pre-KT and post-KT.

Cardiovascular and locomotor effects of binary mixtures of common 'bath salts' constituents: Studies with methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone and caffeine in rats.

Background And Purpose: The use of 'bath salts' drug preparations has been associated with high rates of toxicity and death. Preparations often contain mixtures of drugs, including multiple synthetic cathinones or synthetic cathinones and caffeine. Little is known about the interactions of 'bath salts' constituents and adverse effects often reported by users.

Evaluation of disparities in hospitalisation outcomes for deaf and hard of hearing patients with COVID-19: a multistate analysis of statewide inpatient databases from Florida, Maryland, New York and Washington.

Objective: Investigate whether deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) patients with COVID-19 exhibited different hospitalisation outcomes compared with hearing patients with COVID-19.

Design: Cohort study SETTING: Statewide Inpatient Databases for Florida, Maryland, New York and Washington, for the year 2020.

Participants: Records of patients aged 18-64 years with COVID-19 PRIMARY OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Differences in in-hospital death, 90-day readmission, length of stay, hospitalisation cost, hospitalisation cost per day, intensive care unit (ICU) or coronary care unit (CCU) utilisation and ventilation use were evaluated.

Lessons Learned From Characterizing Long COVID Among US Medicare Beneficiaries.

Purpose: To characterize long-term effects of COVID-19 among older adults (aged ≥ 65 years).

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study utilized Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries' claims to characterize post-COVID condition diagnosis code usage, long COVID (defined as post-COVID condition diagnoses made ≥ 28 days after an initial COVID-19 diagnosis) incidence, patient demographics, and concurrent diagnoses.

Results: During April 1, 2020 to May 21, 2022, 193 691 (0.

Integrated multi-omics analyses of oral squamous cell carcinoma reveal precision patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a leading subtype of head and neck cancer, exhibits high global incidence and mortality rates. Despite advancements in surgery and radiochemotherapy, approximately one-third of patients experience relapse. To improve current targeted and immunotherapy strategies for recurrent OSCC, we conducted multi-omics analyses on pretreatment OSCC samples (cohorts 1 and 2, n=137) and identified A3A and EGFR, both at the RNA and protein levels, as inversely expressed markers for patient stratification and response prediction.

Clinical Outcomes with High- versus Low-Dose Tranexamic Acid Infusion in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives:  Antifibrinolytics, such as tranexamic acid (TXA), are widely used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding risks; however, the optimal dosage for TXA infusion remains a subject of debate. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-dose compared with low-dose TXA infusion in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods:  PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched until June 10, 2023, for studies assessing efficacy outcomes (e.

Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of KIF11 Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Treatment: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

Fragment based novel drug identification and its validation through use of molecular dynamics and simulations.Comparing primary microcephaly genes with glioblastoma expression profiles reveals potential oncogenes, with proteins that support growth and survival in neural stem/progenitor cells likely retaining critical roles in glioblastoma. Identifying such proteins in familial and congenital microcephalic disorders offers promising targets for brain tumor therapy.

"We can't change that while they're in the hospital": Unveiling the manifestations of infrastructural violence and wound care for people who inject drugs.

Healthcare avoidance or delays for wounds and related skin- and soft-tissue infections are often attributed to negative interactions with medical providers. An infrastructural violence framework posits that healthcare infrastructure serves as a material channel for structural violence, maintaining inequities in healthcare experiences and outcomes. Infrastructural violence ensues when infrastructure is designed for some members or groups within a society while perpetuating violence among others.

Water quality performance of vegetated compost blankets for highway stormwater management: Particulate matter and trace metals.

Urban stormwater pollution poses serious risks to human and environmental health, including trace metals toxicity. To improve the performance of existing highway Vegetated Filter Strips (VFS), which have limited performance for volume reduction and pollutant removal, amendment with a Vegetated Compost Blanket (VCB), a layer of seeded compost, has been proposed. A novel VCB/VFS system was assessed as a Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) via particulate matter and trace metals removal performance.

Examining the factor structure of the home learning environment.

The home learning environment (HLE) is an important context for fostering early development. Literature supports four subdomains of the HLE: home literacy, numeracy, executive function, and science environments. The current study examined the factor structure of the HLE with all four domain-specific established scales.

Critical Steps To Address Climate, Health, And Equity.

Climate change poses an unprecedented threat to human health and well-being in the United States. In this article, part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, we outline key strategies to address climate change, health, and equity, using a public health approach. We focus on three critical areas: transitioning to clean energy sources, upgrading health infrastructure, and scaling public health and health care resilience.

Artificial Intelligence In Health And Health Care: Priorities For Action.

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has entered a new cycle of intense opportunity, fueled by advances in deep learning, including generative AI. Applications of recent advances affect many aspects of everyday life, yet nowhere is it more important to use this technology safely, effectively, and equitably than in health and health care. Here, as part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, which is designed to provide guidance on pressing health care issues for the incoming presidential administration, we describe the steps needed to achieve these goals.

Four Opportunities To Revitalize The US Biomedical Research Enterprise.

The US biomedical research enterprise is renowned for its historical and ongoing scientific breakthroughs and advancements. Yet its capacity to solve complex health issues, bridge health equity gaps, and strengthen public trust is constrained by the lack of an overarching national vision, fragmented coordination for research funding, and critical workforce recruitment and retention challenges. To improve national health outcomes and retain global competitiveness, the sector must embrace new approaches.

Spatiotemporal profile of an optimal host response to virus infection in the primate central nervous system.

Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are a major cause of morbidity largely due to lack of prevention and inadequate treatments. While mortality from viral CNS infections is significant, nearly two thirds of the patients survive. Thus, it is important to understand how the human CNS can successfully control virus infection and recover.

Gaps in disability inclusion across universities in the United States.

Disabled people face social and environmental barriers to higher education, yet there is a dearth of clear, publicly available information on university websites related to accessibility and disability inclusion. Our team previously developed disability inclusion scores for the top 50 universities offering undergraduate programs based on funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and found low scores overall. Building on that, this study examines the relationship between disability inclusion (as scores ranging from 0 to 100 points) and six university characteristics for these 50 universities.

Celebrating Magnet® Nursing Excellence: The Recipients of the 2024 National Magnet Nurse of the Year® Awards and ANCC Magnet Prize®.

This month's Magnet® Perspectives column spotlights recipients of the 2024 ANCC Magnet Program® National Magnet Nurse of the Year® (MNOY) awards and the ANCC Magnet Prize®, sponsored by Press Ganey, recognized during the colocated ANCC National Magnet Conference® and the ANCC Pathway to Excellence Conference® in New Orleans, Louisiana, October 29 to November 1, 2024. The MNOY awards recognize 5 exceptional clinical nurses in Magnet-designated organizations who demonstrate outstanding contributions in innovation, consultation, leadership, and professional risk taking. The ANCC Magnet Prize recognizes a Magnet organization whose nursing team spearheaded exemplary achievements including initiative(s) in healthcare delivery and research leading to innovations in patient care services.

The undertold story: A leadership program to expand recognition of the importance of early childhood experiences.

There are considerable data documenting the importance of early experiences for healthy human development. Though widely accepted amongst mental health clinicians, developmental researchers and early childhood policymakers, this information is not well known by much of the public. We describe a specialized program designed for established and emerging leaders in Louisiana, United States of America, to help them become better informed to take action to support young children and their families and to facilitate connections across sectors for greater impact.

Translational Outcomes Project in Neurotrauma (TOP-NT) Pre-Clinical Consortium Study: A Synopsis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been a leading cause of death and disability, yet research has failed to successfully translate findings from the pre-clinical, animal setting into the clinic. One factor that contributes significantly to this struggle is the heterogeneity observed in the clinical setting where patients present with injuries of varying types, severities, and comorbidities. Modeling this highly varied population in the laboratory remains challenging.

Decay in Physiologic Knowledge since Medical School among Critical Care Fellows (DIP Study).

Rapid accumulation of knowledge and skills by trainees in the intensive care unit assumes prior mastery of clinically relevant core physiology concepts. However, for many fellows, their foundational physiology knowledge was acquired years earlier during their preclinical medical curricula and variably reinforced during the remainder of their undergraduate and graduate medical training. We sought to assess the retention of clinically relevant pulmonary physiology knowledge among pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) and critical care medicine (CCM) fellows.

Supine Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.

Importance: Nocturnal hypertension while asleep is associated with substantial increases in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Whether hypertension while supine is a risk factor associated with CVD independent of seated hypertension remains unknown.

Objective: To investigate the association between supine hypertension and CVD outcomes and by hypertension treatment status.

Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotics for Fracture-Related Infections: The POvIV Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication following fracture fixation surgery. Current treatment of FRIs entails debridement and 6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Lab data and retrospective clinical studies support use of oral antibiotics, which are less expensive and may have fewer complications than IV antibiotics.