Allocation of Semaglutide According to Coronary Artery Calcium and BMI: Applying the SELECT Trial to MESA.

Background: Implementation of semaglutide weight loss therapy has been challenging due to drug supply and cost, underscoring a need to identify those who derive the greatest absolute benefit.

Objectives: Allocation of semaglutide was modeled according to coronary artery calcium (CAC) among individuals without diabetes or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: In this analysis, 3,129 participants in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) without diabetes or clinical CVD met body mass index criteria for semaglutide and underwent CAC scoring on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.

Associations Between Peak Expiratory Flow and Community Mobility Loss Among Older Adults in the United States.

Background: Community mobility is a vital patient-centered outcome for older adults living in the community. These deficits in mobility are linked to social isolation, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality rates. Impaired pulmonary function may be a modifiable risk factor for mobility decline, with existing inequities in lung health potentially contributing disproportionately to mobility loss among Black older adults.

Physical and neurophysiological maturation associated with ADHD among previously institutionalized children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental outcome among children with a history of early institutional care. Prior research on institutionalized children suggested that accelerated physical growth in childhood is a risk factor for ADHD outcomes.

Methods: The current study examined physical and neurophysiological growth trajectories among institutionalized children randomized to foster care treatment (n = 59) or care as usual (n = 54), and never institutionalized children (n = 64) enrolled in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (NCT00747396, clinicaltrials.

Comparative Evaluation of Chatbot Responses on Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The growing interest in natural language processing chatbots (NLPCs) has driven their inevitable widespread adoption in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of responses provided by NLPCs, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Bing, to frequently asked questions about CAD.

Cold Surface Waters of the Sub-Antarctic Pacific Ocean Support High Cyanophage Abundances and Infection Levels.

Cyanobacterial distributions are shaped by abiotic factors including temperature, light and nutrient availability as well as biotic factors such as grazing and viral infection. In this study, we investigated the abundances of T4-like and T7-like cyanophages and the extent of picocyanobacterial infection in the cold, high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll, sub-Antarctic waters of the southwest Pacific Ocean during austral spring. Synechococcus was the dominant picocyanobacterium, ranging from 4.

Leadless Pacemaker vs. Transvenous Pacemaker in End Stage Kidney Disease: Insights from the Nationwide Readmission Database.

: Leadless pacemakers offer a safe and effective alternative pacing strategy. However, limited data are available for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), a population of significant relevance. Using the Nationwide Readmission Database, we extracted data from all adult patients with ESRD who underwent traditional transvenous or leadless pacemaker implantation between 2016 and 2021.

Comparative Investigation of Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics in Turmeric Dietary Supplements and Rhizomes.

In the present study, we analyzed the bioactive curcuminoids content in eight capsules (DS-1-DS-7 and DS-9), one tablet (DS-8), three ground turmeric samples (DS-10-DS-12), and three ground turmeric rhizomes (TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3). Initial screening with infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy coupled with a principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct differences between the samples analyzed. Hence, targeted and untargeted analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detections.

RiboTag RNA Sequencing Identifies Local Translation of HSP70 in Astrocyte Endfeet After Cerebral Ischemia.

Brain ischemia causes disruption in cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier integrity, which are normally maintained by astrocyte endfeet. Emerging evidence points to dysregulation of the astrocyte translatome during ischemia, but its effects on the endfoot translatome are unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early effects of ischemia on the astrocyte endfoot translatome in a rodent cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model of stroke.

Profiling Genome-Wide Methylation Patterns in Cattle Infected with .

DNA methylation (DNAm) regulates gene expression and genomic imprinting. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection on host DNAm. Helminth-free Holstein steers were either infected with (the brown stomach worm) or given tap water only as a control.

Administration of AICAR, an AMPK Activator, Prevents and Reverses Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN) by Regulating Mitophagy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes in both Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D). While there are no specific medications to prevent or treat DPN, certain strategies can help halt its progression. In T1D, maintaining tight glycemic control through insulin therapy can effectively prevent or delay the onset of DPN.

Ethical considerations for referral partnerships in clinical research.

Recruitment challenges in clinical research are widespread, particularly for traditionally under-represented groups. Referral relationships-in which research partners and clinical partners agree to collaborate on selected research studies or programmes, with the expectation that the clinical partners refer appropriate patients as potential participants-may help alleviate these challenges. Referral relationships allow research partners access to expanded and more diverse pools of participants by increasing the engagement of medical providers, leveraging providers' connections with patients and providing structural support for study participation.

CAR-T cell therapy in developing countries: how long should we wait?

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a significant burden of cancer prevalence and incidence. However, the survival rates for patients with cancer in these regions are notably lower than those in high-income countries, primarily due to late diagnosis and limited access to advanced treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated promising outcomes in certain terminally ill patients with cancer, yet access to this treatment remains limited in LMICs, including Nepal.

Validation of a Cancer-Focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) Scale.

Background: Searching for health information is critical for maintaining one's health and reducing risk of disease, including cancer. However, some people are more likely to experience challenges in finding and comprehending health information; therefore, it is important to measure health information-seeking behavior. In order to add to prior research conducted with the scale, this study provides the first formal evaluation of the validity and reliability of the four-item, cancer-focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) scale in a cross-sectional, nationally representative health survey of U.

Lentivirus-mediated gene therapy for Fabry disease: 5-year End-of-Study results from the Canadian FACTs trial.

Background: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-gal A) activity. Our goal was to correct the enzyme deficiency in Fabry patients by transferring the cDNA for α-gal A into their CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overexpression of α-gal A leads to secretion of the hydrolase; which can be taken up and used by uncorrected bystander cells.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Biological Aging: Evidence From Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with higher risks of age-related morbidity and mortality. However, whether they causally contribute to accelerating biological aging has not been fully elucidated. Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data, we implemented a comprehensive analytical framework to investigate the associations between genetically predicted moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST), and four epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures: HannumAgeAccel, intrinsic HorvathAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel.

The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) survey in preparation for TIS 2.0.

Introduction: The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) has gained acceptance and has led to literature validating original concepts and suggesting refinements. In preparation for the second edition of TIS, editors generated a survey to solicit experience with and opinions about TIS.

Materials And Methods: An online survey available from March 8 to June 15, 2024, included 56 questions, offered in 7 languages, related to the practice of serous fluid cytopathology.

Viability assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis in men who have sex with men using molecular and culture methods.

Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Diagnosis relies on nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as PCR, which does not distinguish between viable pathogens and residual bacterial DNA, leading to potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment. PCR with confirmation of pathogen viability has not been widely explored in the STI field.

Controversies in Myopia Control Treatment: What Does it Mean for Future Research?

Purpose: Treatment of myopia has been informed by more than 3 decades of clinical trials and other observations. However, controversies regarding myopia control remain, such as when to stop treatment and what is the long-term efficacy of treatment. This perspective aims to describe clinically relevant and current controversies regarding myopia treatment.

Preferences for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infants: A Survey of the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network.

Introduction: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is being performed more frequently in children, but few studies have evaluated surgical practice patterns in infants. In this study, we surveyed pediatric surgeons within a regional consortium to assess current preferences for IHR strategy in infants. We hypothesized that early-career pediatric surgeons would prefer laparoscopic IHR over open IHR in this patient population.

The PANDA score: External validation and modification of a simple upfront prediction tool for poor outcomes despite successful stroke thrombectomy.

Background: While endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become standard of care for patients' acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), many patients still suffer profound neurological disability, also termed futile recanalization (FR). The BAND score, which incorporates baseline disability, age, stroke severity, and treatment time window, is derived as a simple tool for upfront prediction of FR prior to EVT. This study aims to externally validate the BAND score and to incorporate upfront imaging biomarkers into the prediction tool.

Nurse Leader Perspectives on Precepting in a Graduate Nursing Administration Practicum.

Objective: To describe practicum experiences as perceived by nurse leader preceptors of graduate students in a nursing administration practicum.

Background: Practicum experiences in graduate nursing administration programs provide students with exposure to the real-life experiences of nurse leaders, bridging the gap between academic knowledge gained and the application of that information to the workplace. The literature lacks best practices for graduate nursing administration practicum experiences.

Climate change could amplify weak synchrony in large marine ecosystems.

Climate change is increasing the frequency of large-scale, extreme environmental events and flattening environmental gradients. Whether such changes will cause spatially synchronous, large-scale population declines depends on mechanisms that limit metapopulation synchrony, thereby promoting rescue effects and stability. Using long-term data and empirical dynamic models, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in density dependence, spatial heterogeneity in environmental responses, and environmental gradients to assess their role in inhibiting synchrony across 36 marine fish and invertebrate species.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Endogenous Isomeric Metabolites Biliverdin IX Alpha, Beta, and Delta in Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Pellet, and Lung Tissue.

() utilizes heme as an iron source from the host during infection. Biliverdin beta and delta (BVIXβ and BVIXδ) are generated by HemO, specific to , while biliverdin alpha is generated from the bacterial BphO system and by mammalian heme oxygenases. Here, we have developed and characterized a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for the separation of three endogenous isomers, BVIXα, BVIXβ, and BVIXδ.

SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques.

The latent viral reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV cure, placing the burden of strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV to prevent recrudescence of viremia. For infants with perinatally acquired HIV, adherence is anticipated to be a lifelong need. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of ART and viral Envelope-specific rhesus-derived IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) with or without the IL-15 superagonist N-803 early in infection would limit viral reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.