Revisiting the Defeatist Performance Belief Scale in Adults With Schizophrenia and Youth at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: A Comprehensive Psychometric Analysis.

Background And Hypothesis: In accordance with the Cognitive Model of Negative Symptoms, defeatist performance beliefs (DPBs) are an important psychosocial mechanism of negative symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum groups. DPBs are also mediators of negative symptom improvement in clinical trials. Despite the clinical significance of DPBs and their inclusion as a mechanism of change measure in clinical trials, the psychometric properties of the DPB scale have not been examined in any schizophrenia-spectrum group.

What Is Diagnostic Stewardship?

Background: Diagnostic stewardship is a set of clinically based changes to the ordering, processing, and reporting of diagnostic tests designed to improve patient outcomes (through decreased inappropriate testing, and reduced patient harm from wrong, delayed, or missed diagnosis). It shares a common philosophy with laboratory stewardship but has some key differences.

Content: Laboratory stewardship focuses primarily on pre- and post-analytical components of the testing process.

Corrigendum: Ripples of change: transforming lives and communities through sport in Colombia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.

Racial Disparities in Minimally Invasive Benign Hysterectomy.

Background And Objectives: Racial and ethnic disparities in access to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and the rate of surgical complications in minority groups remain profoundly underinvestigated. This meta-analysis aims to compare the rate of MIS utilization for benign hysterectomy as well as the surgical morbidity among racial and ethnic minority patients in the United States.

Methods: Studies comparing utilization rate of MIS for benign hysterectomy among non-Hispanic white, Black, and Hispanic populations were considered eligible.

"They talked to me like I was dirt under their feet:" Treatment and withdrawal experiences of incarcerated pregnant people with opioid use disorder in four U.S. states.

Background: Many pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) spend time in jail, yet access to standard of care medications for OUD (MOUD) in jail is limited. Though qualitative studies of non-incarcerated pregnant and non-pregnant incarcerated individuals with OUD demonstrate complexities that must be considered in delivering effective care, studies with pregnant, incarcerated patients with OUD are lacking.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews from October 2020-November 2021 with pregnant and postpartum people with OUD who were currently or previously in jail in Florida, Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia.

Education Research: Utilization of Simulation in Residency Programs: A Survey of Adult Neurology Residency Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that simulation-based medical education (SBME) can improve neurology trainees' confidence, knowledge, and competence. However, a general needs assessment and review of current SBME used within neurology are needed to guide SBME curriculum development. The objective of this study was to describe the current use of SBME in resident education and to assess perceived barriers to expanding SBME interventions.

The HOPE4MCI study: AGB101 treatment slows progression of entorhinal cortex atrophy in ε4 non-carriers with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Hippocampal hyperactivity is a hallmark of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) that predicts progression in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). AGB101 is an extended-release formulation of levetiracetam in the dose range previously demonstrated to normalize hippocampal activity and improve cognitive performance in aMCI. The HOPE4MCI study was a 78-week trial to assess the progression of MCI due to AD.

Comorbid conditions and survival among Black women with ovarian cancer.

Background: Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have worse survival and a higher burden of comorbid conditions compared with other racial groups. This study examines the association of comorbid conditions and medication use for these conditions with survival among Black women with EOC.

Methods: In a prospective study of 592 Black women with EOC, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) based on self-reported data, three cardiometabolic comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), and medication use for each cardiometabolic comorbidity were evaluated.

Nectin-4 Expression in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Background: The Nectin-4 directed antibody drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) has emerged as frontline systemic therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade for urothelial carcinoma (UC), capitalizing on the ubiquitous expression of this protein in UC. There is limited data available regarding expression of Nectin-4 by immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer, but this is of interest as a substantial number of UC patients likely to receive EV have concomitant prostate cancer.

Methods: Nectin-4 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays encompassing a cohort of 302 prostatic adenocarcinomas spanning Grade Groups 1-5.

Is severe maternal morbidity a risk factor for postpartum hospitalization with mental health or substance use disorder diagnoses? Findings from a retrospective cohort study in Maryland: 2016-2019.

Background: Perinatal mental health conditions and substance use are leading causes, often co-occurring, of pregnancy-related and pregnancy-associated deaths in the United States. This study compares odds of hospitalization with a mental health condition or substance use disorder or both during the first year postpartum between patients with and without severe maternal morbidity (SMM) during delivery hospitalization.

Methods: Data are from the Maryland's State Inpatient Database and include patients with a delivery hospitalization during 2016-2018 (n = 197,749).

Evaluation of long-acting cabotegravir safety and pharmacokinetics in pregnant women in eastern and southern Africa: a secondary analysis of HPTN 084.

Introduction: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis significantly reduced HIV acquisition in HPTN 084. We report on the safety and CAB-LA pharmacokinetics in pregnant women during the blinded period of HPTN 084.

Methods: Participants were randomized 1:1 to either active cabotegravir (CAB) plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) placebo or active TDF/FTC plus CAB placebo.

Recognition of Self and Viral Ligands by NK Cell Receptors.

Natural killer (NK) cells are essential elements of the innate immune response against tumors and viral infections. NK cell activation is governed by NK cell receptors that recognize both cellular (self) and viral (non-self) ligands, including MHC, MHC-related, and non-MHC molecules. These diverse receptors belong to two distinct structural families, the C-type lectin superfamily and the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Effects of seven days' fasting on physical performance and metabolic adaptation during exercise in humans.

Humans have, throughout history, faced periods of starvation necessitating increased physical effort to gather food. To explore adaptations in muscle function, 13 participants (7 males and 6 females) fasted for seven days. They lost 4.

Overlapping qubits from non-isometric maps and de Sitter tensor networks.

The emergence of a local effective theory from a more fundamental theory of quantum gravity with seemingly fewer degrees of freedom is a major puzzle of theoretical physics. A recent approach to this problem is to consider general features of the Hilbert space maps relating these theories. In this work, we construct approximately local observables, or overlapping qubits, from such non-isometric maps.

Dengue virus IgG and neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are protective.

The standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay inconsistently predicts dengue protection. We compare how IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII), or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using standard and mature viruses are associated with dengue. The ELISA measures IgG antibodies that bind to inactivated DENV1-4.

Deep learning-based aberration compensation improves contrast and resolution in fluorescence microscopy.

Optical aberrations hinder fluorescence microscopy of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here we introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition, applying additional dose, or introducing more optics. Our method (i) introduces synthetic aberrations to images acquired on the shallow side of image stacks, making them resemble those acquired deeper into the volume and (ii) trains neural networks to reverse the effect of these aberrations.

Quantifying the Diagnostic Odyssey Burden Among Persons with Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Purpose: Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have lifelong health complications including severe infections and physical impairments. Previous studies show that a patient's perception of their health is an important predictor of health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand factors related to patient reported health status.

Neonatal intensive care admissions and exposure to satellite-derived air pollutants in the United States, 2018.

In the United States (US), neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) monitor and treat newborns for a variety of adverse health concerns including preterm status, respiratory distress and restricted growth. As such, NICU admission is an integrated measure of neonatal risk. We linked 2018 US national birth registry NICU admission data among singleton births with satellite and modelled air pollution levels for the month prior to birth to examine whether late-pregnancy exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with adverse neonatal health outcomes.

Biological and residual activity of candidate larvicide formulation, SumiLarv 2MR, against an exotic invasive mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ethiopia.

The study evaluated the efficacy and residual activity of SumiLarv 2MR, SumiLarv 0.5G, and Abate 1SG (used as a positive control) against Anopheles stephensi larvae in Awash Subath Kilo, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, using a semi-field experimental setup. Plastic containers with capacities of 100L and 250L were used to assess the residual efficacy of SumiLarv 2MR.

Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions.

Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing tools for verifying that a quantum device indeed performed the classically intractable sampling task are either impractical or not scalable to the quantum advantage regime.